The Impact of Social Class Divisions on the Women of Victorian England :: essays research papers fc

The Impact of Social Class Divisions on the Women of Victorian England Two hundred years ago, during the reign of Queen Victoria in England, the social barriers of the Victorian class system firmly defined the roles of women. The families of Victorian England were divided into four distinct classes: the Nobility or Gentry Class, the Middle Class, the Upper Working Class, and lastly, the Lower Working class . The women of these classes each had their own traditional responsibilities. The specifics of each woman’s role were varied by the status of her family. Women were expected to adhere to the appropriate conventions according to their place in the social order . For women in Victorian England their lives were regulated by these rules and regulations, which stressed obedience, loyalty, and respect. The highest social class in Victorian England was the Nobility or Gentry class. The members of this class were those who inherited their land, titles, and wealth . Popular opinion at the time asserted that the noble class women led lives of lavish luxury and wedded bliss. "Ladies were ladies in those days; they did not do things themselves, they told others what to do and how to do it." It is apparent as to how this notion that the women of the noble class led lives of fortune. Social parties and balls were common festivities, which these women regularly attended. For many, dancing was a favorite pastime. To an outsider, it seemed that a lady of the gentry class had nothing short of an enviable existence. The lavish way of life these women exhibited was outwardly apparent in the fashions of the time . Noble class women were adorned in ornate dresses, extravagant jewels, and the finest accessories. The best way to describe the look of upper class women in Victorian England is to say that she looked like a porcelain doll . However, the lives of these women were not as easy as it may have seemed. In retrospect, their roles, although seemingly wonderful, were actually oppressive. They were taught to be obedient and loyal to their husbands . Their opinions were devalued, and they were thought of as nothing more than an accessory to their husbands. Furthermore, there was little security in terms of financial stability . Land, titles, and money were inherited by the closest male relative; typically the older son, but if there was no older son then the estate would go to a more distant relation.

The Solitaire Metaphor in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men :: Steinbeck Of Mice and Men Essays

The Solitaire Metaphor in Of Mice and Men In Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, George Milton is shown many times playing the game of Solitaire, a card game which requires only one man and a pack of playing cards. His companion, Lennie Small is never asked to play cards or other games because George knows emphatically that Lennie is incapable of such a mental task. Although Lennie and George are companions, George has the idea of being "solitaire" to be no longer burdened by Lennie's company. Solitaire, meaning alone, is a metaphor for the loneliness that many of the characters feel in the novel. John Steinbeck shows in Of Mice and Men, that all human beings are essentially alone. "I ain't got no people. I seen the guys that go around on the ranches alone. That ain't no good. They don't have no fun. After a long time they get mean. They get wantin' to fight all the time... 'Course Lennie's a God damn nuisance most of the time, but you get used to goin' around with a guy an' you can't get rid of him" (45). George proclaims his view on loneliness to give a reason for his connection with Lennie. This connection George has with Lennie makes the two of them unique to the rest of the characters. Many of the men on the ranch have a dream, but only Lennie and George have a chance of obtaining it. Essentially, John Steinbeck wants to show that although George and Lennie have the advantage of being a team, they will never accomplish it because all human beings are in essence, alone. Thus, George's constant playing of the game of solitaire foreshadows his eventual decision to become a solitary man. John Steinbeck demonstrates loneliness of Crooks, the black handicap. He has a strong difference from the rest of the crew, as he must live in a separate room from the rest of the workers. He attempts to explain this to Lennie, "S'pose you didn't have nobody. S'pose you couldn't go into the bunk house and play rummy 'cause you was black. How'd you like that? S'pose you had to sit out here an' read books.

Life lessons

3 Life Lessons Although there are many reasons that our souls come to earth, one of the main reasons I believe we come here is to learn a valuable lesson. If we did not learn this lesson through out a life time, our souls would come back to repeat the process. I believe I have learned a few lessons from my time here on earth. One lesson I have learned is to never take things or people for granted. At some point in our lives, we realize that we take things for granted, we take each other for granted.Meaning we get so comfortable in having certain things in our lives and ertain people around us. It is when we no longer have those things or people that we come to the realization that we have taken things for granted. It's natural to get comfortable. It's human nature. We can't help ourselves. It is wise to stop and think about the things we do have, instead of complaining about what we don't because one day, what you once had, how you once lived, who you once had in your life; will no l onger be there.People habituate affection and cripple the finest part of life. So appreciate everything while it is here. Be grateful, give thanks to God and above all, let those in your life today know that you care about them and that you are grateful they are in your life. Another life lesson I have learned is to not be afraid to make mistakes. Whenever we try anything new, we might make some mistakes. We can't possibly know everything that's going to happen when we try something new. Sometimes we Just have to try something before we can learn about it.Mistakes are a part of life. As Einstein said, the only people who don't make mistakes are those who don't try nything new. If there's something you have a burning desire to do, don't let the fear of making mistakes hold you back. We are not perfect. We are a mere blip on the timeline of existence. Life existed long before we came here and it will continue long after we're gone. You were only given one life to live and only you can make the most of it. No one else can make you take advantage of opportunity; it's up to you to muster the courage to embrace it.As my dad once taught me â€Å"If you want something ouVe never had, you must do something youVe never done. † The final lesson I've learned is to live life with no regrets. I learned this lesson through a song called â€Å"My Way† by Frank Sinatra. As we get older we learn and grow. But that doesn't mean we have to regret what we did before we learned how to do things differently. If we didn't go through those experiences we might not have grown into the strong and knowledgeable people we are today. Many people have heard of the saying â€Å"live today as it were your last.This saying holds true for everyone. When we get older we tend to reflect on what we have done through life and Judge ourselfs. No one wants to lie on their death bed and think about their past mistakes and wish their life had taken a different turn. Wouldn't we want to h ave a positive outlook on life? Those who lived life with no regrets live happier lives and obtain a higher level of wisdom. something it. The few lessons I have learned will never be forgotten. There are still many valuable lessons for me to learn and ill strive to find them.

Code of Ethics Comparison Essay

Differences and similarities were described in the Code of Ethics of the American Counseling Association and the American Association of Christian Counselors. The two codes are comparable in many ways. The American Association of Christian Counselors focus on the Christian aspect and the American Counseling Association is based on world views. It is important to understand that counselors should not impose their personal values on clients, however religion mainly consist of beliefs that individuals adapt and practice. All counselors should remain subtle when providing services clients and allow them to make the decision if they choose to adopt a certain value or religious belief to help them cope with life. The general similarities of the ethic codes American Counseling Association and American Association of Christian Counselors consists of providing help to clients who are in a crisis situation. According to the text, The ACA & AACC codes both encourage client growth and development which fosters healthy relationships. They both seek to avoid harm and personal values when assisting clients. They both inform clients of informed consent and protect clients to earn their trust so that they can create an ongoing partnership, by maintaining confidentiality. They both find it important to maintain trust in awareness of sensitivity regarding cultural diversity. Both ACA & AACC respect the rights of privacy of their clients (Corey, G, Corey M & Callanan, 2011, pg. 94). I feel it is essential for all counselors to understand a client’s cultural background, religious belief and values to effectively provide appropriate care when making decisions. This information will allow counselors to make better informed decisions and build a stronger partnership. According to the text, both ACA & AACC maintain records to ensure clients are provided with the best service which allows the counselor to maintain a continuity record for future sessions (Corey, G, Corey M & Callanan, 2011, pg. 173). The differences in the two ethics codes consist of the following: According to the American Association of Christian Counselors (AACC) mission is to bring honor to Jesus Christ and his church, promote excellence in Christian counseling, and bring unity to Christian counselors. A more detailed and behavior-specific ethical code is needed for Christian counselors simply because of incompetent services among Christian counselors, unprotected legal status, and the vitality and growing maturity of Christian counseling. This code shows four streams of influence which include the bible; standards of Christian counseling and the established mental health disciplines; Christian and mental health professions; current and developing standards derived from mental health and ministry-related law. According to the text, Christian counselors should maintain the highest standards of competence with integrity. Christian counselors are viewed truthful, educated, and experienced. Christian counselors do not disrespect other professional counselors, mental health professionals (Clinton & Ohlschlager, 2012, pg. 264). Comparing and contrast duties to client and to the Profession According to the American Association of Christian Counselors, Christian counselors will protect clients and do no harm which is the first rule of professional-ministerial ethical conduct. Christian counselors will express a loving care to any client, service-inquiring person, or anyone encountered in the course of practice or ministry, without regard to race, ethnicity, gender sexual behavior or orientation, socio-economic status, education, denomination, belief system, values or political affiliation. Christian counselors acknowledge that client conflicts are unavoidable. Christian counselors take proper action against the harmful behavior of other counselors and pastors. Clients will be protected against harm and danger wherever it is found. Christian counselors refuse to condone or advocate for abortion and the abortion-related activities of clients. All counselors will consider and inform clients of alternative means to abortion and as far as it is possible, will continue to serve clients and work compassionately with them through the abortion crisis. According to the American Association of Christian Counselors, Compared to other professionals, Christian counselors refuse to condone or advocate for the pursuit of or active involvement in homosexual, transgendered, and cross-dressing behavior, and in the adoption gay & lesbian & transgendered lifestyles by clients. Christian counselors will not advocate for or support clients who wish to die due to medical reasons, or support the use of drugs to be utilized to end a life. The death of a patient may occur however, initiating action to end a terminally ill patient’s pain is unethical. According to the American Association of Christian Counselors, Christian counselors do not provide counseling to close family or friends due to the conflict of interest. They presume that dual relations with other family members, acquaintances, and fraternal, club, association, or group members are potentially troublesome and best avoided. Often times, family and friends may get offended when offering professional assistance. Christian counselors along with other counselors will secure client consent for all counseling and related services. This may include video/audio taping of client sessions, the use of supervisory and consultative help, the application of special procedures and evaluations, and the communication of client data. According to the text, Christian counselors may refer clients who are beyond their ability or scope of practice or when consultation is inappropriate, unavailable, or unsuccessful. Referrals should be coordinated after the client is provided with informed choices of referrals (Clinton & Ohlschlager, 2012, pg. 264). According to the American Association of Christian Counselors, Christian counselors are encouraged, beyond their fee schedule, to make a portion of their time and services available without cost or at greatly reduced fee to those who are unable to pay. On the other hand, counselors may not provide services to clients without some form of payment. Often times, Christian counselors enjoy what they do and may avoid financial practices that could result in greed. Christian counselors feel negative toward high fees and prolonged treatment for monetary gains. According to the text, Christian counselors do not withhold services to anyone of a different faith, religion, denomination, or value system. It is essential for Christian counselors as ell as other counselors to understand the client’s belief system and cultural background in order to provide the best care possible (Clinton & Ohlschlager, 2012, pg. 273). Christian counselors should not impose their personal values however support the client’s values in a professional manner. It is important to understand that Christian counselors do not abandon clients. Services should never abruptly end without sufficient notice and proper notification for termination or referral.

Benefits of Cycling

Bicycling has been a long-time hobby which produces both long and short-term benefits. Its an enjoyable activity which involves being outdoors and away from the less beneficial pursuits such as television, computer and the refrigerator. Its a vigorous interest that not just the young and healthy can participate but kids as young as toddlers and the elderly as well. In addition, provided they have the proper equipment, disabled person can too. Cycling fits into a persons lifestyle easier than many other physical activities because it can be used practically, to go from one place to another unlike, say, swimming which is fun but much more limited by the time of year and availability. Its easier on the bodys joints than jogging while getting from point A to point B much quicker and with less effort. Chief among its numerous benefits, cycling is good for health, both physical and mental as well as good for the environment. One of the main health benefits of cycling is that it strengthens the heart, develops endurance and improves circulation which reduces the risks from coronary heart illnesses, one of the major causes of death. Gaining endurance also lowers the chances of contracting some types of cancers and diabetes. Muscles are strengthened and toned from cycling particularly those located below the waistline such as the thighs, buttocks and legs. Many of those who have weakened or injured joints and cannot run to stay in shape turn to cycling to help keep them active because it is a lower impact exercise. Maintaining a proper body weight is not just good for the ego but benefits health in several, well documented ways. A cyclist burns a great deal of calories especially if they are riding a good distance or at a moderate to fast pace. Cycling also has the benefit of increasing a persons metabolism, their inner engine, even after the ride is finished. Reducing body weight lessens the strain of joints making cycling a duel benefit for those who suffer from weakened knees. Weight loss, like improved cardiovascular function, lowers the risk for strokes and heart ailments. Another duel benefit is that cycling strengthens the immune system which, like reducing the chances coronary heart illnesses, lowers the risk of contracting certain cancers. Eye-hand coordination is greatly enhanced by cycling. Stabilizing the bodys weight while moving both legs in a circular motion and using both hands to steer the bike enhance coordination skills. Improving coordination improves agility, athleticism and reaction time, useful in everyday tasks, especially helpful as a person ages. Speaking of, cycling increases a persons lifespan via the health benefits previously mentioned. Its a fun way to get healthy and stay healthy while adding years to your life. (Markham, 2011). Another health benefit of cycling is improved mental health. Any type of exercise nourishes and builds the brain. Peddling a bicycle not only enhances the amount of blood flowing through the heart and muscles but the brain as well. The more blood that is pumped through the brain the more effectively it functions. As a person peddles it forces additional nerve cells to discharge which increases the formation of proteins and other compounds. This action encourages new brain cells to form. Cycling can double or even triple the number of neutrons produced, actually building brain function. Additionally, exercise encourages the activity of neurotransmitters increasing the efficiency of communication between both old and newly formed brain cells. Think of it as building a 4G network to replace the old 3G by taking a relaxing ride through the country or by getting to school or work on your bicycle. Enhancing and developing brain cells while improving the communication lines between them is increasingly vital as we age because as we grow older the brain contracts and those lines of communication naturally grow weaker. Bicycling protects and restores the brain and to no ones surprise, a larger, better connected brain functions better. Adults who exercise display sharper memory skills, higher concentration levels, more fluid thinking, and greater problem-solving ability than those who are sedentary. (Yeager, 2014). Cycling acts to improve environmental health too particularly if one rides a bike to commute to and from school and/or work. It reduces a persons carbon footprint and has been characterized as a green method of transport especially when compared to driving a fossil fuel burning car for all means of getting around town. Bicycles dont spew air pollutants and reduce the nations dependence on fossil fuels. According to the U.S. Census nearly half live closer than five miles from their place of employment. Total emissions would be reduced by more than five percent, a substantial amount, if those people rode a bike to work instead of driving their car. Vehicles produce nearly one-third of all carbon dioxide and 80 percent of all carbon monoxide emitted into the air each year. Shorter trips are proportionately worse due to engine warm-up factored into the equation. Cycling to work when practical would make a big difference in the reduction of the gasses creating climate change. Cyclists, ge nerally speaking, are in better physical condition than motorists who tend to be more obese which means cyclists use fewer energy resources in a range of areas such as food production and transportation. (Bicycle Buying, 2015) The benefits of cycling are numerous not just for the person peddling but for the environment therefore society as a whole too. Its a heart health hobby that enhances brain activity and reduces carbon gas release. Its also a fun outdoor activity which stimulates the senses which are dulled by staying indoors too close to the television and refrigerator. Unlike both swimming and running, cyclists can enjoy a conversation with a fellow rider. Cycling is easier on the joints than running and can be enjoyed all seasons unlike swimming. All-in-all cycling is a beneficial physical activity and hobby.

A Macroeconomic Crisis That Occurred during the Period 1900-2005 Research Proposal

A Macroeconomic Crisis That Occurred during the Period 1900-2005 - Research Proposal Example   A Macroeconomic Crisis that Occurred During the Period 1900-2005 (The Asian Currency Crisis)  A Macroeconomic Crisis that Occurred During the Period 1900-2005 (The Asian Currency Crisis)Introduction From a brief period of economic boom, Asia witnessed a financial crisis in 1997. Asia is far removed geographically from most of the developed world. Nevertheless, the Asian financial crisis took down with it many of the successful economies of the developed world. There may be arguments that the Asian financial crisis resulted solely from the flawed process of liberalization, while others may point to a currency crisis and the cross currents of the currency crisis promoting the financial crisis. However, there is general agreement that the interaction between macro-economic policies, the domestic financial sector and corporate governance within the Asian countries make them vulnerable to a financial crisis. Rationale Most of the Asian economies have weathered the recent economic cr isis through either the strength of their domestic demand in countries like India, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Vietnam or through the use of healthy fiscal resources to support exports in countries like China. This good showing of economies in Asia is what holds promise for quickening the pace of the slow recovery in the developed nations.. The success of the Asian economies thus becomes crucial for the speedy recovery of the developed world. Hindrances or faltering of the Asian economies could lead to stagnation or slowdown of the economic recovery of the Western world. There is worry on this account as the Asian countries still remain vulnerable to a repeat of the Asian financial crisis of 1997 that occurred at the time of an economic boom in the region. Furthermore, economist point out that Asian countries like China that are using their ample financial resources to spur exports and their economic growth would have to use large amounts of financial resources to maintain this pace economic growth. They estimate that the amount of financial resources that Asian countries would have to use to sustain this economic growth could be as high as $1 trillion and may pan out to be a â€Å"bottomless pit†.   It is for these reasons that I would like to revisit the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997.  

Recovery of economic loss in negligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Recovery of economic loss in negligence - Essay Example ity to make use of the defective products. It is â€Å"habitually awarded in personal injury case ,e.g. for future loss of earnings. It has also been awarded in commercial cases , but there is no clear principle to determine when such losses are recoverable and when it is not.† 5 Pure economic loss, which is negligently caused to a party to a contract by acts or omission of a defendant, cannot give rise to any good cause of action.6 Economic loss in this sense is not recoverable under negligence or strict liability in tort. The claimant suffered only financial injury. Recovery of pure economic loss in negligence is a complex and difficult area of law. ... This principle is based on the necessity to limit the potentially unlimited liability, which can theoretically flow from negligence; otherwise, permitting recovery purely of economic nature will paralyze the judicial system and the society in general. 8 It was anchored on the belief that a single event may lead to any number of claims, which are so uncertain and so indeterminate it would make it intricate and very expensive for people to insure against this claim. The courts have categorized pure economic loss into 4. These are negligent statements, negligent performance of services, relational economic losses, and economic losses caused by defective products or buildings. Negligent statement involves reliance on representation and comments that were negligently given. Negligent Performance refers to failure to take responsible care to execute gratuitous service undertaken. Relational economic loss is a claim based on the injury of one person that may easily impair the financial posi tion of the other. And lastly, Economic losses caused by defective product or building is a claim founded on the belief that a duty of care in torts arises between the builder and the subsequent user.9 QUESTION #2 In the case of Hedley Byrne v Heller [1963] the accountant was adjudged negligent in giving statement which statement was relied upon by Hedley in granting additional order of advertisement to the client Easipower that soon become bankrupt. The Court held the accountant liable for the pure economic loss incurred by Hedley although there was no contractual relationship arising from the negligent statement. It has ruled that a negligent although honest misrepresentation, may give rise to an action for damages for financial loss even if there was no contract between