Abortion Should Not Be Banned

Abortion is a widely debated topic that has been conflicting politicians and women around the world. Abaluck’s article, â€Å"Late-Term Abortion Should Not Be Banned† did not provide half as many sources or facts as Boland’s article, â€Å"Second Trimester Abortion Laws Globally. † Boland provided more statistics and alternant resources for the reader. It can look impressive if an author throws in an extensive reference list, but if he does not persuade you in an argument, all he has done is give you a history lesson. This is a perfect example of what Boland did in his essay. Of the two articles I researched, Abaluck’s article was more argumentative and forced me to question my own morals and view-points on abortion. Abaluck stated his opinion immediately by having his argument presented in his title. I loved this about his article because when I am reading something, it is hard for me to follow only numbers. I do not want a math lesson; I want my brain and beliefs to be challenged. I believe Abaluck’s article provides the necessary evidentiary support to persuade the audience to have mutual feelings about his stance on late-term abortion. There are two completely different vibes given off in each article. Abaluck’s article, â€Å"Late-Term Abortion Should Not Be Banned† was definitely my favorite because he gave an actual argument. With all of the facts he provided, he seems to know a significant amount of information about abortion and acts so passionate about it. However, Boland’s piece is the polar opposite of an argumentative article. This is one of the most informative pieces I have ever read and I feel much more aware of how other countries view abortion. I know this is the effect Boland was going for, and the article succeeded its purpose. Boland’s article was just straight facts and kind of boring. Although I was given more information in Boland’s article, I was not persuaded either way on the argument. The credibility of each author is high, but when it comes down to who I would want on my side in an argument, it would be Abaluck. Both authors work for Harvard in different areas. Jason Abaluck is the president of the Harvard Liberal Monthly Magazine and Reed Boland is a research associate at the Harvard School of Public Health. This spikes heir credibility through the roof and gives me no doubt that they know what they are talking about when it comes to research. Since Abaluck writes for a liberal magazine, I am sure his argument is a little biased considering his political views, but unlike Boland, he actually has an opinion. I am more apt to be pulled towards something with a little bit of passion and heart. Part of human nature is forming an opinion by listening to, reading, or watching someone else’s opinion and deciding if you agree or disagree depending on your moral beliefs. I believe late-term abortion should not be banned. A woman’s health should always be taken into consideration especially when there are expected complications. During a second trimester check up, you are likely to be able to see any abnormalities developing in your child. This is the time where it is not only crucial to be able to ensure your baby’s life is developing correctly, but also that the woman is remaining healthy. Most late-term abortions are not done just because a woman changes her mind about having a child. These abortions should not be banned because a lot of times, it is crucial to the woman’s life to have this done. Not only does this affect her physical well-being, it also affects her mentally. For the rest of any woman’s life, she will remember and think about the baby she â€Å"almost† had and she will likely require therapy. Yes, there is always the chance a woman is not having an abortion for all the right reasons, but the attachment that forms between a mother and child cannot be torn so easily. If late-term abortion were to be made illegal, a woman would have no choice but to have a child and risk her own life due to the known abnormalities of her child. The claim in Boland’s article is strictly informative. His article not only provides multiple, if not too many, statistics but also gives a table showing every country’s abortion laws. Maybe his intended audience was for people who were visiting the United States and wanted to see how their country lined up next to others. Most likely, he was writing this article just to inform whoever wanted to know about all the abortion laws worldwide. Regardless of who his audience is, he provides no information on what his personal view of abortion is. This fact made it hard for me to assess which article is better all around. I decided against Boland’s article because with all of the numbers and statistics, it was hard for me to follow along. If Boland had provided a little of his own opinion to spice things up, I would have gladly and openly considered his stance. The claim in Abaluck’s article was argumentative in that he gave his opinion and allowed no room for the other option. I liked that Abaluck’s article was argumentative rather than being strictly factual because he states his opinion, but was not pushy about it. Granted he does not acknowledge the other stand-point, he does not really make it seem like you should believe his argument. It is hard for an author to persuade their point without seemingly throwing it in your face, and I believe Abaluck demonstrated this perfectly. I was definitely persuaded by his article and took all of his ideas into consideration and even adjusted my view on the idea of late-term abortion. When beginning this assignment of researching my selected topic, I was completely against all types of abortion. Now, I realize there are a couple of reasons to reconsider this because you must always take the woman’s health into consideration. By including three personal stories in his article, I was forced to put myself in another person’s shoes and asked myself, â€Å"What would I do if this were me? † During the last few months of pregnancy, if the baby shows many signs of abnormalities or is going to threaten the life of the mother, late-term abortion should definitely be considered. If the unborn child stands little to no chance of survival, is it worth putting the woman’s life at risk? If Abaluck were to read Boland’s article, I believe it would only reinforce his viewpoint by giving him more reason to pull for not banning abortion. Since Boland does not provide an argument, it is easy to state that there is no disagreement shown when comparing the articles. If I were to sit down with both authors, I would first ask both of them to state their opinions and hopefully allow them to hash it out. It would not be difficult for me to assume that it would be an interesting debate knowing both writers know so much about the topic. Not knowing Boland’s stance makes it hard to assume that the two authors would argue, however I would love to assume there are at least a few differences in their beliefs. With Abaluck being a liberal, I am sure they would disagree on something. Or else, I hope they would because that would make sitting down with both of them way more entertaining. â€Å"When asked whether abortion should be legal, 80 percent of Americans say yes. When asked the same question about so-called ‘partial-birth’ abortion, 20 percent said yes. (Abaluck, 2007) Seeing this statistic, it is proven that terminology is crucial when presenting an argument. This proves that regardless of your argument, it would be easy to persuade an audience using harsh language like â€Å"partial-birth†. Even when I read an article against abortion, they used harsh terms like this and it made me resent people who would even consider having an abortion. However, once I learned the facts, I became aware that the language you use in an article is crucial to how you may persuade your audience. Abaluck brings this quote to your attention in the first paragraph of his article and clarifies the difference between real and harsh accusations against late-term abortion. By clarifying how to identify faulty terminology, Abaluck brings it to your attention that it is easy to sway people in your favor. I would undoubtedly say that Abaluck’s article was way better in not only getting a specific point across, but also persuading me and challenging my beliefs and morals. Being informed and having an opinion always go hand in hand and Abaluck’s article depicts this fact perfectly. On the other hand, Boland’s article was informative but very boring. To keep my attention, it is important to incorporate your opinion in order to challenge my beliefs. Although I was educated thoroughly on the topic of late-term abortion, I was not able to form an accurate argument after reading Boland’s article. He did not attempt to persuade me in either direction on the topic, so it was easy for me to determine the better of the articles.

Greek Culture vs Roman Culture

Greek Culture VS. Roman Culture Gabraille Driscol American InterContinental University HUMA215-1204D Ms. Cheryl Lemus Abstract Many people are unaware of just how alike the Romans and the Greeks are. They have many of the same cultures because they adapted them from each other. From modern art to the gods and goddesses. Everything that the Greek have the Romans also has. Yes there are a few changes that have been extracted throughout the two but they are similar to each other in many ways. Roman gods are known as the same thing that Greek gods are. But they have different names for them.The Roman culture is very un strict and focus of the greater good of the gods and mankind. These are just some of the few things that are focused with the Greeks and the Romans. The Greece culture was one just like what the â€Å"New World† went through. Their period was made up of Polis better known as city states. Their society was broken up between free people and slaves. The free people kep t the slaves. The slaves worked without pay many time and did hard labor such as the slaves of the 20th century. Many slaves lived with their master, but were over work and almost never paid.As their society evolved so did the people. They changed from free people to free men. They were divided between Citizens and Metics. If you were a citizen than both of your parents were from the Greece decent. Metics were foreign people that came over to Athens from other places to learn a craft. Many of them were forced to serve in the military. Metics also had to pay taxes and would never be considered a citizen. Women had no rights in the Greece culture any foreign affairs they were involved in was because of their husbands or a man they were involved with.When it came to their government many citizens were thought to serve on the government after taking part in the military. The Greek agriculture system was called orders, they had three orders. They were Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Parthe non is an order of Doric the temple of Athena Parthenos (â€Å"Virgin†), Greek goddess of wisdom, on the Acropolis in Athens. The Parthenon was built in the 5th century BC, and despite the enormous damage it has sustained over the centuries, it still communicates the ideals of order and harmony for which Greek architecture is known.Ironic order is The Temple of Apollo at Didyma – The Greeks built the Temple of Apollo at Didyma, Turkey (about 300 BC). The design of the temple was known as dipteral, a term that refers to the two sets of columns surrounding the interior section. These columns surrounded a small chamber that housed the statue of Apollo. With Ionic columns reaching 19. 5 m (64 ft. ) high, these ruins suggest the former grandeur of the ancient temple. The territory of Greece is mountainous, and as a result, ancient Greece consisted of many smaller regions each with its own dialect, cultural peculiarities, and identity.Regionalism and regional conflicts was a prominent feature of ancient Greece. Cities tended to be located in valleys between mountains, or on coastal plains, and dominated a certain area around them. The Roman culture was very much like the Greek culture because much of it was adopted from the Greek. Much of the roman culture is still in our world today. They built bridges and sewers which we still use today. They help to develop wells and other sources to get water. The roman ideas were much of the ideas that are still used in today economy.They created the death games and gladiators which we still use today. Much of our culture was adapted from the Romans. They came up with many things that the U. S. has to thank them for. Roman theater came from the Greek as well but more developed. They came up with many adlibs and improv that Shakespeare used and many new sitcoms use today. The roman a d Greek gods and goddesses share many of the same attributes but have different names. The roman government was run by priests who we re mentors between both men and gods.They maintained the good will and support for Rome. Lastly the roman philosophers were the Greek philosophers. References N. S. Gill, Roman Culture: An introduction to the culture of Rome, especially the Roman Republic. (2012). Retrieved on November 2012, Retrieved from http://ancienthistory. about. com/od/culture/tp/061511-Roman-Culture. htm Ancient Greece, (2012) Retrieved on November 2012, retrieved from http://www. ancientgreece. com/s/Culture/ Ancient Greece, 21 October 2012 Retrieved on November 2012, retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ancient_Greece

Advantage And Disadvantages Of Dividend Payout Policy Finance Essay

Advantage And Disadvantages Of Dividend Payout Policy Finance Essay When a company has a surplus of profit, it can be used either pay back the shareholders or reinvest into the business. The way that company pay back to shareholders is call dividend payout. In the recent years, the number of companies paying dividends has declined. For example, the PSEG Company in the United State, the payout ratio was about 67% in 2004 and fallen to 45% by 2007.Shows in the graph below: (http://www.pseg.com/index.jsp) This essay will mainly discuss the advantage and disadvantage about the dividend-paying. What are dividends? Dividends are payment made by corporation to the shareholders. Dividends come from the profit earned by company. There are two ways where company spends the surplus of profit, one is to reinvest to the business and the other is to pay back to the shareholders as dividends. The companies who pay dividends are usually taking no benefit if the reinvest the surplus profit back into the business, under this condition dividends are chosen to pay to t he shareholders, which is call payout. The forms of dividends are variable. The most common one will be the made by cash, which is the most common method of sharing corporate profits with the shareholders of the company. The second one is the stock dividends that is paid in form of additional share and it is counted by proportion, for example, if the shareholder owns 100 shares of the stock with 5% stock dividends, the shareholder can gain 5 more shares. Others like property dividends are taken as dividends payout as well. Advantage of dividend payout policy There is certain amount of people of the rightist position state that company pays a high dividend payout is important for investors for the reasons that paying dividends can convince the shareholders about the company’s financial well-being. The higher rate of dividends payout shows better the company operating as well as larger number of profit, which might attracts the investors. Dividends are also attractive for the i nvestors who want to get the stable current income easily. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“There is also a natural clientele of investors, such as the elderly, who looking to their stock portfolios for a steady source of cash to live onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (P456, Richard, 2008). In principle, the shareholders could sell a part of the shares to gain money even if the company does not pay dividends, but it is more convenience for the investors to get the money if companies pay the dividends by checks. In this case, the payout policy of cash dividends will reduce the cost of transaction as well as the inconvenience for the shareholders selling the shares. In addition, the long-term stable dividends payouts could help the company less affected by the changes of the dividends. Those companies with long history of stable dividends will be less influenced if the dividends decrease, but will be positively affected when dividends payout increases or even dividends stay the same level. Furthermore, companies with out a dividend history are generally viewed favorably when they declare new dividends. The dividends announcement has resulted in a 4% rise of the stock price according to the dividend initiations studied by Healy and Palepu (P448, Richard, 2008).

PEST Analalysis on Poland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

PEST Analalysis on Poland - Essay Example The transition has continued over the past decade till 1997 when the new constitution was formed. The state now has more transparency regarding the function of the state and the division of the power between the citizens and the state bodies (European Parliament, 2000). The September 1997 elections changed the government but did not have any adverse affects on the foreign policy towards NATO and the EU. The government worked with the aim of flanking the economic development and modernizing the State structure. The coalition government released a series of ambitious reforms such as educational, pension and health systems and decentralization. The local government started reforming in 1999 which resulted in decentralization and reorganization of both the public authorities and finances. Each of the 16 regions is now responsible for their won development and implementation of policies. Each region therefore has an elected council which is responsible for specialized hospitals, economic development, colleges and universities and development of roads. The health care system is run by insurance schemes and 7.5% income tax is devoted for the development of this sector. Eleven pension funds have also been created for the old-age pension system (European Pa rliament, 2000). However, during the period of Leszek Balcerowicz, the country was able to transform itself to a market economy. The country also became a full member of the EU in May 2004 and also joined NATO in 1999. The country gives full rights of protection to the citizens of the country and warmly welcomes MNCs to operate in their territories (European Parliament, 2000). Between 1994 and 1997, the GDP rate grew by 6.3% but it slowed to 4.1% in 1999. Despite the economic issues in the country, the consumer confidence has appeared to be strikingly stable. The GDP per capita was still half of what it is in Portugal and Greece in 1999.

Wireless LAN Technology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Wireless LAN Technology - Coursework Example WLAN TechnologyThe IEEE 802.11 WLAN technology is a network access technology used in provision of connectivity between wireless points and wired infrastructures of a network. It is generally known as the Wi-Fi which is an aggregate of different technologies. Intel has been a prolific contributor to the IEEE 802.11 standards whose main work is centered on improving QoS, increasing transmission range as well as speeds, and adding new capabilities. The IEEE 802.11 WLAN technology is an extensive family made up of different technologies which are tied to a variety of protocols that have been emerging since the introduction of IEEE 802.11 in 1999 [2, 3]. The protocols include IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11e, IEEE 802.11i, IEEE 802.11u, IEEE 802.11w, IEEE 802.11s, IEEE 802.11ac, and IEEE 802.11ad [2]. One main difference between these standards is data rate [4]. Some IEEE 802.11 protocols are integrated into networking chipsets to form IEEE 802.11 WLAN technologies which are available for purchase. These protocols include IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11n, and IEEE 802.11g [2, 4]. Before purchasing any chipset, the technology beneath it must be examined. This involves examining their performance based on the IEEE 802.11 protocols integrated into them. The differences in the WLAN technologies can be categorized based on frequency, typical data rate, maximum data rate, and range. For instance, IEEE 802.11b was introduced in September 1999.

Resume Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 26

Resume - Essay Example 1. I actively participated in all kinds of volunteering activities in arranging event during my stay in Alsabah wa Al Setoon Secondary School, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 2006. 2. I served as a volunteer worker in the â€Å"Orphan’s Day† in 2008 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 3. I attended and energetically participated in â€Å"Compass Cycle Thinking† Workshop in 2008 at King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Education for Girls Scientific Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 4. Partook as a volunteer in â€Å"Happy Leaders† activity arranged by Self- development Center from 30.12. 2009 – 08.01.2010 (29 hours). 5. Participated in the formation the largest Human Awareness Pink Ribbon Oct 2010. 6. Significantly contributed in the first Geometrics Symposium in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia GTC in 2011. 7. I attended the first forum of the Architectural Heritage 2011. 8. I attended a training course approved by the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties under the title understand the different personal styles (understanding of the characters) 2013.

Currency trading simulation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Currency trading simulation - Research Paper Example OANDA reflects the market ideal market condition which may not be true conditions. The pie charts in the OANDA which shows real time changes in the currency pair using moving averages. The user can study the market and develop their trading strategy which will determine when to buy and when to sell at a profit. Generally, when the spot crosses under the moving average,a sell signal appears because the technical analysis shows that the price will drop. A buy signal appeard when the spot crosses over the moving average because the price will raise. Market volatility tends to indicate rate reversal hence an important factor to be considered. I used two moving average on the same pie charts, the faster moving average is based on 25 days of data while the slower moving average is calculated from 10 days of data. A buy signal appears when the faster moving average crosses above the slow moving average, and a sell signal appears when the faster moving average crosses below the slower moving average (OANDA Tutorial). My initial trading plan was to use reversal point by waiting for the fast moving average crossing above the slower moving average, then buy 50 currency units and hold the for a while to see if the market price will go up or not. My initial didn’t work out because the prices didn’t rise, thus I couldn’t get a profit. I decided to diversify my portfolio to maximize my returns and minimize my risk in the money market. The moving average, however, had little movement and thus I was not able to able to buy and sell at a profit. Changing my strategies to diversification of portfolio worked out because none of the moving averages crossed each other. Market volatility also didn’t work out so I decided to diversify my points. My strategies yielded returns, but I didn’t maximize it. The market fluctuates every second and making decisions is very

Skoda Automobile Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Skoda Automobile Company - Essay Example Skoda automobile company started its operations in 1925 after a lengthened period of producing customized bicycles for the founders, Laurin and Klement who were cyclists. The company based in the Czech Republic advanced gradually in producing bicycles and cars for the Czech market. The profits accumulated during the initial stages of stages served as propellants since the management adapted them for capital in its advent to globalization. Skoda automobile engaged in the production of cars for the European market despite the presence of competitive rivalry between the German and British manufacturer. After the initial staging of globalization, the company’s management evaluated the importance of diversification of the business portfolio by the inclusion of other product categories. Therefore, the company started to manufacture farm machinery and airplanes as additional products to the main product. Chronological accounts ascertain that the company’s production and sales competence enabled the company to survive through the difficult environmental forces prevailing in the mid 20th century. Scholars derive that Skoda car manufacturing company faced the threat of the great depression, a situation that halted most industrial signs of progress in Europe (Kreitner, & Cassidy, 2011). This period coincided with the Second World War whereby bombers from rival sides targeted industries. Further, Skoda managed to survive the eventual period of economic restructuring during the postwar period despite the presence of the German and British car models in the target markets (Roberts, 2013). Eventually, Skoda observed that by sourcing for stable car investors, the business would propel immediately as the investors would provide capital equity for the company thus they chose Volkswagen AG due to its wide brand network. The SWOT analysis Strengths of Skoda Automobile car industry Skoda produces its machinery in view of presenting the best machinery to the global mar kets. Mainly, the company boasts over dominance of a profitable market share in the European market despite the presence of stronger competitors. The company’s diversification of investment plan engages the acquisition of mergers and taming other market leaders to invest in the plans. The company’s research and development team engage in an evaluation of alternatives in order to reach the desired market segments. Therefore, the management stipulates its long-range plans in the market and order for a survey of 20,000 clients in the global market. Arguably, many companies lag behind Skoda in undertaking customer surveys in order to bear the ability to produce the automobile in reflection to the present needs in the consumer markets. Skoda’s strengths further emanate from the extent of independence in undertaking direct and unbiased surveys. In this case, the management ensures that potential customers reveal the needs and wants and stipulate their perceptions conc erning Skoda car models in order to undertake the fast improvement of the products with the inclusion of customer’s stipulated variables. The company rests assured that achieving the desired competence through its research body, the JD surveys to be partial since customers would not hold back their feelings about the company given that the researcher is independent.

Slumdog Millionaire. World and Independent Cinema Essay

Slumdog Millionaire. World and Independent Cinema - Essay Example The movie is a non-Hollywood production because it is casted in Indian origin. Slumdog Millionaire drama is in the category of Indo-British productions, not a strictly British drama. Discussion Slumdog Millionaire by Danny Boyle is a movie so upbeat and fascinating that, as one shares its infectious tone of optimism to colleagues, he could forget that the movie features orphans, slaughter, poverty, oppression, organized crime and policy hostility in its crowd moving repertoire of pain and renewal. In fact, the move culminates with and stand-up-and-dance mood. Produced purely in India and high on location, the film fabric is captivatingly rational. The story featured in the film is a pure fantasy motivated, in part, by Celador’s, co-producer, motive to enshrine its victorious innovation, the game show â€Å"Who wishes to become a millionaire?† in a film (Bloese and Shipton, 2010, p.42). Additionally, Boyle manages to leave these scary starts behind to produce a movie cha racterized by creativity and humanity and always looks on the attractive part of the tragedy. The play is a comprehensive conceit: Simon Beaufoy, the writer has split up the novel by Swarup Vikas and translated it into rags-to-riches yarn regarding Dev Patel or Jamal, a juvenile slum-born grown-up in Mumbai who presents such a fabulous presentation on ‘Millionaire’. ... , an 18-year-old teen orphan from Mumbai slum reflects back on his turbulent life while struggling to gain twenty million Indian rupees on Boyle stirring file of â€Å"who wishes to become a Millionaire.† Malik Jamal does not have a coin of his own, but he believes that this could change in a transform immediately. He is just a question away from winning the key prize on the most popular TV game show, in India, but as with all previous experiences in life of Jamal, this is not going to be possible (Bloese and Shipton, 2010, p.48). Detained by police under mistrust of deception, Jamal is questioned by authorities. In fact, the police cannot imagine that a mere â€Å"slumdog† could have the knowledge to attain such success in the game. Therefore, in a bid to convince the police of how he earned the knowledge, Jamal starts flashing back on his earlier life as a child. As a small boy, Jamal lived in shabbiness, and lost his mommy in a mass violence on Muslims. Consequently, Jamal and his brother Salim were force to depend on their wits to live, the desperate boys ended up in petty crime, ultimately befriending lovable yet gutsy teen Latika as they searched for shelter and food on the intolerant Mumbai streets. Although street live was never smooth, Jamal experiences eventually imparted the expertise required to answer the challenging questions asked to him on the show. Although Jamal makes a persuasive argument for himself, a substantial question remains, why would a teenage with no clear need for riches or recognition be so strong-minded to earn large sum on a national television game? Slumdog Millionaire film is core authored by Caledor Movies, directors of the original television show rights, and so it acts works as a character-length product placement for the project,

Cisco Australia Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Cisco Australia - Case Study Example The company could well be on its way to wearing Australia's best employer crown. So what is Cisco all about Cisco, which was founded in 1984 by two computer scientists from Stanford University, began life as a manufacturer of routing systems. Since it sold its first router in 1986, the company has more than lived up to its vision of 'Changing the Way We Live, Work, Play and Learn'. Apart from its core development areas of routing and switching, Cisco has now branched into various technology-related fields like IP communications, wireless LAN, home networking, application networking services, network security, storage area networking and video systems. The company, which has its corporate headquarters in San Jose, California, soon became one of the leaders in the global networking industry with a presence in over 115 countries. Today, it has a 47,000-strong employee base. Using the acquisition-partnership route, Cisco managed to make inroads into multiple fields. Today, Cisco's products provide solutions to a wide range of customers from business enterprises like corporations and government agencies to educational and research institutions. In 1994 Cisco set up base in Sydney, Australia, which was one of the company's first operations outside the United States. Today, Cisco Australia operates from around six cities and has over 600 employees on its payrolls. Australia is home to the company's Asia Pacific Technical Assistance Centre and Customer Assurance Group. Here's a list of the awards that the decade-old Cisco Australia won: Prime Minister's Award for Community Business Partnerships in August 2001. No 1 in the Hewitt Associates survey "Best Employers to Work for in Australia" in the under 1,000 employees category in 2002 and 2003 MAS National Award for Corporate Citizenship at the 2005 Australian HR Awards. [B(1.1)] Does Cisco Fit The New Workplace One of the main reasons for Cisco's almost meteorical rise to success was its ability to adapt to the new work order. Around 15 years ago, the same time that Cisco began operations; the new workplace became an important word in management parlance. Computers and the Internet were changing the way the world worked. Managers realized they needed to implement solid workplace strategies, to provide the infrastructure for enabling global, 24x7 work processes and remote collaboration "anytime, anyplace." (Aperture Technologies 2006, online ) This 'anytime, anyplace' strategy proved extremely beneficial for both organizations and their employees. It gave them considerable freedom, as they could now be mobile and work from just about anywhere. Freed from geographical and time constraints, an organization's managers could employ qualified people from just about anywhere in the world. A look at Cisco's growth graph during the past 20 years shows that in just over a decade, the company had spread its wings across continents. It managed to get the best in terms of qualified employees and a bigger customer base. A downside of this new workplace was that it put a strain on the companies' infrastructure and also affected workplace dynamics. This meant that enabling and empowering employees with a superior workplace was of paramount importance to the

Blood Alcohol Content Essay Example for Free

Blood Alcohol Content Essay The thought of alcohol being involved in fatal crashes brings about an emotional response. Recently, there has been a movement based on emotion rather than logic to change a certain drinking and driving law. This involves lowering the Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) from 0. 10% to 0. 08% nationwide. However, this attention is misdirected. By looking at my personal experiences, statistics, and current laws, it is clear that there is no need for lowering the BAC. First off, I do not drink. Yet, I’ve had many experiences relating to drinking and driving through my friends. One thing I’ve noticed is that it is extremely hard for people to tell if they are legally drunk or not. Furthermore, I have never heard any of my friends say that they feel that they should drive home because they have only a . 09% BAC. The law has very little effect on how many drinks a person decides to consume. Therefore, lowering the legal drunk limit will not result in people acting more responsible. Supporters of lowering the BAC like Judith Lee Stone in her essay â€Å"YES! † think they are targeting the problem of drunken driving, but the real problem lies within the higher BACs. Ninety three percent of fatal accidents are 0. 10% BAC and above, and half of those ninety three percent have a BAC of 0. 20% and above. The average BAC for fatal accidents is at actually at 0. 17%. This seems like a more logical target for new laws then 0. 08%. Furthermore, Stone asks â€Å"Who would want their children in a car driven by someone who has consumed three, four, or even more beers in an hour† (Stone 46)? I couldn’t agree more. However, this common argument from the pro-0. 08% side is more like a parent responsibility question. They use this to manipulate our emotion by putting an innocent child in an improbable and unrelated situation. She also goes on to state, â€Å"A study at Boston University found that 500 to 600 fewer highway deaths would occur annually if all states adopted 0. 08%† (Stone 47). On the other hand, a similar study at University of North Carolina shows no significant change after their adoption of 0. 08%. Which study is correct? Most likely, both have some truthfulness. It could be either way depending on the state. The lowering of the Blood Alcohol Content percentage law is unnecessary and useless. Nevertheless, some states have already moved to the 0. 08%, and we hear the argument: â€Å"It makes no sense for a driver to be legally drunk in one state but not in another† (Stone 46). To that, I ask a couple questions of my own. Why can I carry a concealed gun in one state and not another? Why is it that I can drive a certain speed in one state, but a different speed in another? The response to those questions and Stone’s statement is all of the above are state laws. At this point, the federal government seems to get confused. In October 2000, congress passed a law that uses the states’ money against them. It asserts that if a state doesn’t lower its BAC percentage to 0. 08% by 2003, it will lose two percent of its highway money. States that don’t like the law will be forced to vote for it because they are desperate for highway construction money. Strings shouldn’t be attached to this money. What are lost in all of this are the current laws for drunk driving. Driving while impaired is already illegal whether the person tests 0. 04% or 0. 10%. Courts can use alcohol test of 0. 04% and higher as evidence of impairment. It’s at 0. 10% where a person is legally drunk and cannot legally operate a vehicle. Therefore, it’s not as if people who test 0. 08% are going unpunished like the other side would have you believe. In conclusion, anybody who picks out one particular aspect and says that it is not working hasn’t looked that the whole problem. The president for the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Brian O’ Neill, says that he’d rather see resources directed toward enforcing existing drunken driving laws. Hopefully, with more education, more awareness, and more enforcement we can successfully reduce drinking and driving fatalities. Bibliography Stone, Judith Lee. Yes!. Reading and Writing Short Arguments. Ed. William Vesterman. Mountain View, California: Mayfield Publishing Company, 2000. 46-47. Word Count: 702.

Salem society Essay Example for Free

Salem society Essay Salem, a small town in Massachusetts consisted of puritans whose lives were strongly based around religion. They were all afraid of being accused of heresy and were suspicious of other religious sects. Their religious fanaticism ruined innocent lives. The story is set in 1692 and starts with all the young girls in the town creeping into the forest one night and dancing and casting spells. Dancing was related to the Devil and therefore was designated a crime. Two of the youngest girls were taken ill the next day. They were Betty, the reverend Parris daughter as described in the introduction i. e. Betty Parris, aged ten, is lying on the bed, inert. , and Ruth, Mrs Putnams only child, described by Parris when he says: Your Ruth sick? The girls were spotted dancing and were declared witches. To clear their names and protect their familys reputation which was very important, the girls accused innocent women in the village, of compacting with the Devil and these accusations were believed. All the villagers were expected to conform to a strict code of belief. They were expected to attend Church every Sunday and if they didnt it was considered a crime against God. For example, Hale says to John Proctor: In the book of record that Mr Parris keeps, I note that you are rarely in the Church on Sabbath Day. This illustrates that records of Church attendance were kept and scrutinised. The villagers were also expected to know the Ten Commandments from memory. Hale asks Elizabeth Proctor: Do you know your Commandments, Elizabeth? People believed in these laws so strongly that they were very willing to believe the girls stories which provides some insight into the society of Salem. People were not allowed to have different beliefs. The villagers belief in the Devil was as strong as it was in God. Parris talked about the Devil and sins in Church far more frequently than he spoke about God. Proctor says to Parris: There are many others who stay away from Church these days because you hardly ever mention God anymore. But John Proctor did not like Parris; his opinion of Parris was low so this statement may not be completely true and biased. Parris was supposed to be a leader in the town but someone left a dagger stuck in his door Tonight, when I open my door to leave my housea dagger clattered to the ground There is danger for me. People were getting misled so much that he was not always believed.

Ray Ozzies Role at Microsoft

Ray Ozzies Role at Microsoft Introduction Ray Ozzie was the known to play a major role at the lotus notes before he became the Chief Software Architect of the Microsoft team (Microsoft, 2010). In 2005, he aimed to webify† Microsoft in order to level up with the wide use of internet and search engines such as Yahoo! and Google. He had to create a management strategy in order to find out the best way to share the information through his colleagues and be able to sum up the ideas on how to maintain the revenues of the company. The case study, Ray Ozzie, Software Strategist†, relates with the everyday processes, practices and activities that are involved in creating a strategy. Why was the Semiahmoo retreat not successful in creating sustained momentum around the issue of Microsofts core? The March retreat of the companys top 110 or so executives including Bill Gates was not successful because they failed to discuss the key factors about the Microsofts core. It is said that the company relied on selling proprietary software straight to users or to the manufacturers of computer for pre-installation on machines. However, the strategy was being challenged by free open-source software like linux and web- based companies whose software was free off the internet and supported by advertising such as Google or Yahoo!. This seemed to leave the company behind the emerging software that offers free access over the internet and is able to use by the customers directly. The companys processes of reaching the market have had difficulties most especially the shipping of products. Retreat at Semiahmoo was not able to initiate a clear discussion of the things that Microsoft has to do in order to get back to the emerging companies in the Information Technology industry today. They have got breakout sessions in order to brainstorm various strategic issues and it was observed that the people within the company relate to Bill. It appeared to be more of a team building for the executives and the group refused to organise the issues covering the strategy or the issue of the Microsofts core. They argued it was untimely and likely to cause unnecessary apprehension to engage more people as it involves the past strategies. Thus, the momentum from the retreat on Semiahmoo did not have enough space to tackle the said issue. The importance of focus on the processes and practices with regard to the activities of the company is given much attention rather than the issue of sustaining the strategy for selling products in a unique manner (Christensen, 1997). The practice of strategy involves the important components of how the organisation manages its people and links the outcomes from strategising events, activities, meetings and other. In addition to, the focus of the group went to the attraction of the place, perhaps, and the experience to bond with each other. The strategic challenge that Microsoft was facing was not clearly defined as well. The team relied on the past strategy and thought it was irrelevant to review. The retreat ended without accomplishing what was really tasked to do because the team overlooked the criticisms about the past strategies without realising that it is important to be able to figure out what specific changes to focus on or where exactly they should concentrate. Why was Ozzie more successful in creating follow-on action after the Robinswood retreat? After the Semiahmoo retreat, the company had a second retreat because the first attempt to create a strategy for the Microsofts core evaporated. Ozzie took charge of the second retreat and it was successful. Although Ozzie have not tried working intimately with the team, he took his chance on delivering and defining the strategic challenge that the company was facing. The retreat was held as Robinswood house where in it appeared to be substandard unlike the Semiahmoo retreat. Ozzie provided a 51- page memo beforehand that describes his diagnosis of the strategic challenge facing Microsoft. He detailed out the challenges for the company through his friendly mood and did not confront anyone with the past mistakes of the company. He opened up a discussion through an invigorating exercise about the unfavourable things happening in the present technical and organisational strategy of the company (Fried, 2009). Thus, it gave the team a chance to speak up and raise the issues with regard to the mistakes of the company on its operations most especially the issues that they have to solve most especially the fluctuating revenues of Microsoft. The meeting resulted on a more intense discussion with the team about the future strategies that could benefit the organisation. A progress was made although a good deal of controversy was still present. Furthermore, Ozzie put a highlight on the changing environment and the importance of service to the clients. The communications technologies have drastically developed into a more convenient form. In the modern world, the people pay much attention to the interaction with the company and its products and services and how they are able to use in a simple way. The businesses are directly reaching the customers with lower costs and provide a great service. Technology companies are now practicing ways to sell the products without the hassle of shipping and most importantly with lower costs such as downloading the application directly from the website supported by advertisements and the like. As Ozzie have seen, Microsoft is not developing a strategy on how to compete within the industry most especially the strategy of advertising- supported services and software over the internet. The strategy depicts innovation and fives the foundation for the web developers to improve and develop the services to the customers. Microsoft has to embrace this kind of business strategy in order to come up with a more practical way to reach and interact with the market and benefit the company with remarkable revenue. The company have to reflect on its past mistakes and relate to the present environment to be able to emerge with what is going in the market. The leadership responsibilities, strengths and weaknesses of the company should be discussed in a genial manner so an immediate response from the team could result to a better strategy to solve the challenges. The business might be at risk if the team fails to handle the dilemma accordingly and did not maintain an open communication (Levy, 2008). Comment on Ozzies communications strategy with regard to the Internet Services Disruption. The communication strategy of Ozzie is indeed a good way to reach the executive staff and he explained clearly what his goals are for the company. According to the memo, he has a lot of positive reasons to innovate more with regard to the strategic challenge that the company is facing. He delivered the memo very well such as stating that the leaders understand the efficiency of eradicating the hindrances on developing products. Reorganisation is considered to be an important step for improving the alertness of the company (Ozzie, 2005). He maintained a positive outlook on the past strategy of the company although it prevailed to put the business at risk. He still considered past strategies to start the development of the company on what he aims on his recent strategies. It is a very good way to motivate the organisation to move on to the next stage and be able to encourage them to participate and work accordingly. His idea of differentiating the strategy from the past developments of the company made it significant to understand the whole point. He immediately perceived the feedbacks of the readers so he addressed, in advanced, the possible doubts of the readers of his memo. Ozzie continues to innovate as he mentioned a continuous change every five years for the company to cope with the changing environment of the market considering that technology is growing rapidly. His focus on the recent strategic issues gives the memo a clearer objective to increase the motivation for the team to work well on creating new products and continuously creating a solution to the challenges. Ozzie is catered to the transformation of the company into a more user-friendly and interactive to reach the customers, partners and other for bigger opportunities (Ozzie, 2005). Thus, Ozzies communication strategy promotes a vision and a set of well- defined goals and objective that makes a dependable leader to integrate the varied activities and ideas of the whole team. Conclusion Ray Ozzie worked well on the creation of new strategies for the Microsoft such as going live and being more interactive with its users. Advertising-supported software and other internet-based applications are emerging in the market and are doing well with its revenues. The techniques of internet advertising have drastically affected by the innovations on technology. The use of broadband is considered to be a blanket for the market starting from the purchase of the computer up to the installation of its software and applications. Hence, it calls for an extensive innovation for Microsoft to comprehend with the use of the World Wide Web. Works Cited Ray Ozzie, Software Strategist: Case Study† (Please put the details of the book where you get the case study) Christensen, C. The Innovators Dilemma, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 1997 Fried, I. Ray Ozzies view from the clouds†, cnet news. (November 18, 2009) from http://news.cnet.com/8301-13860_3-10400244-56.html?tag=newsLeadStoriesArea.1 retrieved 02/19/10. Levy, S. Ray Ozzie Wants to Push Microsoft Back Into Startup Mode†, Wired Magazine: 16.12. (November 24, 2008) from http://www.wired.com/techbiz/people/magazine/16-12/ff_ozzie retrieved 02/19/10. Microsoft. Microsoft Announces Plans for July 2008 Transition for Bill Gates†, Microsoft New Center (2010) from http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2006/jun06/06-15CorpNewsPR.mspx retrieved 02/20/10. Ozzie, R. Internet Services Disruption†, (October 28, 2005), from http://www.scripting.com/disruption/ozzie/TheInternetServicesDisruptio.htm retrieved 02/19/10.

The Statue of Liberty Lending Credence to the Word Freedom in America E

The Statue of Liberty Lending Credence to the Word Freedom in America The Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognized artifacts of freedom in the world. It has the ability to create emotions that range from happiness to anger all at one time. The best way to analyze such a powerful image is to use Kenneth Burke’s idea of pentadic analysis. By using this method of the analysis, we will be able to answer the rhetorical question: How does the Statue of Liberty lend credence to the word â€Å"freedom† in America? To begin with, it is necessary to obtain some background on the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty was given to the United States in 1886 as a gift from France and dedicated as a national monument in 1924 (1). Standing at approximately 46.50 meters and weighing 225 tons it was the largest structure, at the time, to have entered the United States via Ellis Island, New York (1). Before the entrance of the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island was used as a border for immigrants who wanted to be a part of â€Å"the land of the free and the home of the brave (2).† With the coming of the Statue, there was something tangible for new Americans to see when they entered the country. With its newfound fame as the first visual representation of the immigrants, the Statue also soon became a link to the idea of freedom and a brighter future. In 1976, a renovation project began to fix some mistakes made in its initial transport to the United States. Lee Iacocca, CEO of the Chrysler Motor Corporation at the time (3), led this renovation. Iacocca began calling the Statue of Liberty, â€Å"Lady Liberty†, as he was fixing the crown, torch and replacing the copper with bronze (3). This new title also shed some light on the significance of the Statue because now liberty and justice had taken over the form of a woman, tasked to watch over the United States like a mother does her children (3). With the background of the Statue of Liberty, we can move on to the importance of the application of Burke’s pentad model in this artifact. Burke’s initial idea of pentadic analysis stems from his view of dramatism (4). According to Burke, dramatism is a way of analyzing material with the desire to form a direct link between human motives and clusters of terminology (4). Foss (1996) points out that dramatism has two fundamental assumptions. The first assumption is t... ...-act, agency-agent, agency-purpose, purpose-scene, purpose-act, purpose-agent, and purpose-agency (4). For the purposes of this analysis, the ratio of act-purpose will be used. By ordering the ratio in this manner, we are stressing the fact that the act and the purpose have the most influential effects on the pentad. However the dominant factor in all of this is the act – the representation of the American Dream and freedom. The significance of the act is defined by the historical struggle of creating a nation of independence and freedom, also referred to as the scene. The statue itself, the agency, communicates this message to the world and at the same time aims to carry out the underlined purpose, by persuading people to remember the ideals that our nation was founded upon. This is where the element attitude can enter the picture. As mentioned earlier, attitude deals with the manner in which the purpose is portrayed. The Statue of Liberty is an object and therefore does not have the ability to verbalize, however, the attitude seen in her towering presence and the stern look on her face reinforce the purpose and allow the message to be effective. The Statue of Liberty Lending Credence to the Word Freedom in America E The Statue of Liberty Lending Credence to the Word Freedom in America The Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognized artifacts of freedom in the world. It has the ability to create emotions that range from happiness to anger all at one time. The best way to analyze such a powerful image is to use Kenneth Burke’s idea of pentadic analysis. By using this method of the analysis, we will be able to answer the rhetorical question: How does the Statue of Liberty lend credence to the word â€Å"freedom† in America? To begin with, it is necessary to obtain some background on the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty was given to the United States in 1886 as a gift from France and dedicated as a national monument in 1924 (1). Standing at approximately 46.50 meters and weighing 225 tons it was the largest structure, at the time, to have entered the United States via Ellis Island, New York (1). Before the entrance of the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island was used as a border for immigrants who wanted to be a part of â€Å"the land of the free and the home of the brave (2).† With the coming of the Statue, there was something tangible for new Americans to see when they entered the country. With its newfound fame as the first visual representation of the immigrants, the Statue also soon became a link to the idea of freedom and a brighter future. In 1976, a renovation project began to fix some mistakes made in its initial transport to the United States. Lee Iacocca, CEO of the Chrysler Motor Corporation at the time (3), led this renovation. Iacocca began calling the Statue of Liberty, â€Å"Lady Liberty†, as he was fixing the crown, torch and replacing the copper with bronze (3). This new title also shed some light on the significance of the Statue because now liberty and justice had taken over the form of a woman, tasked to watch over the United States like a mother does her children (3). With the background of the Statue of Liberty, we can move on to the importance of the application of Burke’s pentad model in this artifact. Burke’s initial idea of pentadic analysis stems from his view of dramatism (4). According to Burke, dramatism is a way of analyzing material with the desire to form a direct link between human motives and clusters of terminology (4). Foss (1996) points out that dramatism has two fundamental assumptions. The first assumption is t... ...-act, agency-agent, agency-purpose, purpose-scene, purpose-act, purpose-agent, and purpose-agency (4). For the purposes of this analysis, the ratio of act-purpose will be used. By ordering the ratio in this manner, we are stressing the fact that the act and the purpose have the most influential effects on the pentad. However the dominant factor in all of this is the act – the representation of the American Dream and freedom. The significance of the act is defined by the historical struggle of creating a nation of independence and freedom, also referred to as the scene. The statue itself, the agency, communicates this message to the world and at the same time aims to carry out the underlined purpose, by persuading people to remember the ideals that our nation was founded upon. This is where the element attitude can enter the picture. As mentioned earlier, attitude deals with the manner in which the purpose is portrayed. The Statue of Liberty is an object and therefore does not have the ability to verbalize, however, the attitude seen in her towering presence and the stern look on her face reinforce the purpose and allow the message to be effective.

Teenage Stress Essay -- essays research papers fc

Laura sits in her room surrounded by a stack of notes, cramming for a test that she entirely forgot about, while James stares blankly at a college application. He also has the knowledge that he must be at work in 20 minutes, and that his car hardly has any gas left in it. Both of these teenagers suffer from a common dilemma, stress. Stress is a reaction to external and internal pressure. It is a normal function that helps people in their daily lives ("Stress: Who"). Without some level of stress, individuals wouldn't have the motivation to meet deadlines or complete projects ("Stress: Who"). However normal stress can become a burden over a long period of time and this leads to chronic stress. Chronic stress is what people are referring to when they say that they are "stressed out" ("Spotlight"). Stress can become even more overwhelming if chronic stress goes into overload; this is what is known as distress (Romero, B1). Since stress is a reaction, there must be a trigger to cause that reaction. The items that cause the stress reaction are called stressors, and they can fall into three different categories: catastrophes, major life changes, and daily hassles ("Stress (psychology)"). A catastrophe can be described as a sudden calamity that pushes people to their outmost coping abilities. Some examples of catastrophes are: Ø Earthquakes, Fire, Flood, etc, Ø War/Torture, Ø Car accidents, Ø Violent physical attacks, Ø Sexual assault ("Stress (psychology)"). Catastrophes often affect the victim's mind long after the incident is over ("Stress (psychology)"). - The following form of stressor is major life changes. A few examples of this, is: Ã ¼ Death, Ã ¼ Divorce of a parent, Ã ¼ Imprisonment, Ã ¼ Disability/Illness ("Stress (psychology)"). The final class of stressor is the daily hassles. These may not appear very stressful but if experienced repeatedly over a long period of time may have very severe effe... ...espair can Spur Suicide, Experts say." Denver Mountain News. (Denver, CO). CD Newsbank. 23 October 2000. Seibold, Douglas. "The Kids are All Right." Our Children. April 1999: pp. 8-12. in Social Issues Research Series, Inc. Siegfried, Tom. "Adolescents' Risky Rebellion Reflects rewiring in the Brain." Dallas News. (Dallas, TX). CD Newsbank. 21 August 2000. "Spotlight on Stress." 17 November 2000. http://kidshealth.org/teen/mind_ matter/feelings/stress_p4.html. "Stress: Mental or Physical Tension?" 20 November 2000. http:www.pgcps.org /~wwict/teen/stress.html. "Stress (psychology)." Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. 1999. "Stress: Who has Time for It?" 17 November 2000. http://familydoctor.org/ handouts/278.html. "Teen Stress." 17 November 2000. http://library.thinkquest.org/13561/english/ teen_stress.html.

An examination of how Sherlock Holmes abilities and techniques, :: English Literature

An examination of how Sherlock Holmes' abilities and techniques, allied to his personal characteristics, enable him to solve crimes There are many reasons to explain why Sherlock Holmes is one of the world's most famous fictional detectives. However, the main reason for this is that not only are the stories complex, but the actual character of Sherlock Holmes has extreme depth, with some subtle elements of his character only becoming apparent when he is in certain situations. This is why Sherlock Holmes is one of the most, if not the most interesting fictional characters to study. One of Holmes' most famous professional characteristics is his power of observation. An example of this is where Holmes is examining a room "Why, it's a dummyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it is fastened to a hook" (The Speckled Band). This is a very unlikely thing for a normal person to observe; but not for Sherlock Holmes! However, Holmes' powers of observation would be worth nothing without his excellent reasoning and deduction abilities. An example of this is connected to the quote above (from The Speckled Band). After Holmes discovered that the bell pull (rope) was a dummy, and taking into account only facts that may be considered, by lesser men, insignificant he solved the mystery of a woman's death. "It would crawl down the rope.... sooner or later she must fall victim" (The Speckled Band). It is by Holmes' use of reasoning and deduction that one of his most famous personal characteristics also comes to light. This is his characteristic of making people around him feel beneath him, in other words, Holmes has a high level of self-esteem. He astounds people with his intelligence. He pretends that he does not mean to do this "I do not wish to make a mystery" (A Scandal in Bohemia). There is but one case that I have come across in which Sherlock Holmes is outwitted by someone, and when he realises that he has been outwitted, he is amazed "Holmes staggered back, white with chagrin and surprise" (A Scandal in Bohemia). He is especially amazed that it is a woman that has outwitted him. This has some, but only a slight, effect on his belittling characteristic "He used to make merry over the cleverness of women, but I have not heard him do it of late" (A Scandal in Bohemia). Holmes has a great store of knowledge that he has acquired over many years at his disposal, and this helps him greatly in his cases "my special knowledge of tobacco ashes enabled me to pronounce as an Indian cigar" (The Boscombe Valley Mystery). This yet again proves just how intelligent Sherlock Holmes is.

Police Technology Essay

1. Introduction A gun may be a useful tool to arrest a suspect in a traditional crime scene, but what about a crime committed on the Internet to steal billions of dollars in a few minutes or even confidential information? Will guns be useful in this case? According to Goodman, â€Å"the world isn’t run by weapons anymore, or energy, or money, it’s run by ones and zeros †¦ It’s not about who has the most bullets. Art’s about who controls the information –what we see and hear, how we work, what we think. It’s all about information.† (p.466) With the technological revolution we have nowadays, that changed every aspect of our lives representing new threats and new crimes, police officers should be equipped with new technological tools or techniques to be able to face these new challenges. This paper aims at giving an idea about police technology and how does technology help police officers by defining the term â€Å"police technology†, shading the light on history of police technology, and giving some of the impacts of technology on police work and practice. 2. Definitions To understand exactly how does technology help police officers, this section will define what is meant by both terms â€Å"technology† and â€Å"police technology†. 2.1 Technology The Britannica Concise Encyclopedia defines technology as â€Å"Application of knowledge to the practical aims of human life or to changing and manipulation the human environment. Technology includes the use of materials, tools, techniques, and sources of power to make life easier or more pleasant and work more productive. Whereas science is concerned with how and why things happen, technology focuses on making thing happen.† 2.2 Police Technology According to Encyclopedia Britannica the term â€Å"police technology† refers to â€Å"the wide range of scientific and technological methods, techniques, and equipment used in policing.† 3. Police Technology in History and Literature This section will shade the light on the history of police technology since 1840 when officers only had guns and night-light sticks, â€Å"then came technological progress with the invention of the patrol wagon and signal service (which have) effected a revolution in police methods.† (Seaskate, Inc). (See police technology timeline in Table 1) â€Å"The adoption of information technology by police departments in the united States is a relatively recent phenomenon. Before 1987, less than 2% of the 2.200 US police departments with fewer than 100 employees used computers. And as recently as 2003, only 40% of police departments had mobile computer terminals.† (CentrePience) Moving to information technology,   â€Å"only in recent years have many agencies found the use of information technologies significantly helpful. Examples include fingerprinting databases, computerized crime mapping, and records management systems doing everything from inventory property and cataloging evidence to calculating solvability factors.† (Seaskate, Inc) 3.1 The political era (1840-1920) This period witnessed technological advances such as â€Å"telegraph, telephone, police callboxes, Bertillon system of criminal identification† (Seaskate, Inc) and (Stewart, R. W.). â€Å"The advent of fingerprinting in the 1900s and of crime laboratories in the 1920s greatly augmented the police capacity to solve crimes†. (Seaskate, Inc) 3.2 The professional model era or Nationalization of Crime (1920-1970) This period witnessed efforts that tried to â€Å"rid the government of undesirable political influences and create what they deemed professional police departments† (Seaskate, Inc). â€Å"The model was the crime laboratory in Berkeley, California, Police Department then the FBI inaugurated its own laboratory which eventually became recognized as the most comprehensive and technologically advanced forensic laboratory in the world† (Seaskate, Inc). This period â€Å"saw the widespread police adoption of the automobile and the introduction of two-way radios† (Seaskate, Inc). Then, in response to rapidly rising crime rates and urban disorders, the Crime Commission was established in the 1960s (Seaskate, Inc). This period witnessed the nationalization of crime. â€Å"In 1967, the Crime Commission produced a long report that gave recommendations, 11 of them dealing with police technology (Seaskate, Inc). The President’s Crime Commission found that the nation’s criminal justice system suffered from a significant Science and technology gap (Seaskate, Inc). Then came â€Å"the advent of 911 after the commission called for establishment of a single telephone number that Americans could use to call the police† (Seaskate, Inc). The computerization for American policing was a result for the commission’s recommendations and the 911 system (Seaskate, Inc). â€Å"The 911 system became enhanced (E911) when computer got smarter, showing the telephone number, address, and in some cases, the name of the person who owned the number† (Seaskate, Inc). â€Å"One of the most important computer-based innovations in American policing was the advent of National Crime Information Center (NCIC), administered by FBI† (Seaskate, Inc). Computers also were â€Å"essential in the development of Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS)† (Seaskate, Inc). 3.3 The Community Policing Era or Computerization of American Policing (Since 1970) The introduction of computers into policing corresponded to the beginning of the third and current era in American policing or â€Å"the Community Policing Era† from 1970 up till now (Seaskate, Inc). â€Å"In 1995, the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) was created by the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994†. (ITI, p.3) With funding provided by COPS and other federal and state grant programs, the use of computers in law enforcement gained widespread acceptance in law enforcement agencies of all sizes. (ITI p.3) 4. The Impact of Technology on Police Work Technology has had its impacts on police work especially since the process of computerization of American policing (Figure1 in the appendices shows trends in technology use by police agencies). According to Davis, J. N., â€Å"the continuing development of computer technology has had critical impacts on law enforcement. Mobile data terminals in police cars, automatic vehicle locator systems, and computer-assisted dispatch are now commonly found in police departments. The use of expert systems and artificial intelligence by police agencies in the United States and Canada is on the increase. Examples can be found in agencies ranging from small rural Alliance, Nebraska to urban Baltimore County, Maryland†. (p.1) This section will show how does technology affect police work either in increasing effectiveness, enhancing officer safety, or assisting law enforcement agencies to meet new challenges of terrorism and cyber crimes. 4.1 Increased Effectiveness Research showed that â€Å"police departments that adopted computers together with IT management/governance practices such as CompStat did experience reduced property and violent crime and significantly increased crime clearance rates (by around 8%). Thus, researchers concluded that computers do increase the effectiveness of police work, but only if police work is substantially reorganized to take advantage of their presence† (CentrePiece, p.2). Also according to ITI, â€Å"Significant technological breakthroughs have resulted in products that have increased their crime solving effectiveness† (P.4). For example â€Å"studies led to the widespread use of night vision gear by today’s police agencies† (ITI, p.4). A technology such as fingerprint reader â€Å"has resulted in the creation of automatic fingerprint identification systems (AFIS)†. (ITI, p.4) â€Å"AFIS has resulted in the clearance of thousands of crimes that would have otherwise gone unsolved†. (ITI, P.4) The â€Å"enhanced† 911 â€Å"allowed dispatchers to see on their computers screen the address and telephone number from which a 911 emergency call originated† (ITI, p.4).   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The miniaturization of body microphones and closed circuit television has benefited law enforcement in a variety of investigative and crime prevention initiatives†. (ITI, P.4) 4.2 Changed the Role of Police and How They Carry Out Their Duties Technology has changed the role of both police officers and law enforcement agencies. â€Å"With the introduction of the Community Oriented Policing model, a dramatic change occurred in how agencies measured their effectiveness†. (ITI, P.3) The previous section showed that COPS was a result for introducing computers into policing.   â€Å"The emphasis on quick response to calls for services and the number of arrests made and crimes cleared was replaced by the reduction of crimes committed†. (ITI, P.3) â€Å"The COPS program promoted the development of close/citizen relationships with a focus on improving the quality of life on a neighborhood-to-neighborhood basis. From this effort grew programs such as neighborhood Policing and Problem Solving Policing† (ITI, P.3). â€Å"For the COPS concept to be successful officers needed timely information about crime patterns and other social problems occurring on their beats†. (ITI, P.3) â€Å"In police practice the possibility to access and use electronic records has opened up a new way of gathering information for police officers. This has created and developed new ways of working for police officers: they can gather more information when involved in operational work as well as when they are present physically at the police station†. (Borglund, E.) 4.3 Improved Record Keeping and Report Writing Computers have led to a key advantage â€Å"improved recordkeeping†. â€Å"Research showed that introducing computers for record-keeping did increase the amount of recorded ‘minor crimes’ such as larceny† (CentrePiece, p.2). According to Davis, J. N., â€Å"police report writing has also evolved with changes in technology, especially the use of lap-top computers. The continued development of new computer technologies will also bring changes in police report writing†. (p.1) 4.4 Enhances Officer Safety â€Å"Significant technological breakthroughs have resulted in products that have improved officer safety† (ITI, P.4). â€Å"Soft body armor has saved hundreds of officers from death or serious injury† (ITI, P.4). â€Å"Information used in conjunction with Computer Aided Dispatch software allowed dispatchers to warn officers of potential dangers and the history of previous calls at locations prior to their arrival†. (ITI, P.4) The use of safe weapons such as â€Å"non-lethal weapons such as the Taser, beanbag shells and pepper mace had been added to the list of force options available to officers in the field† (ITI, p.4). 4.5 Assist Local Law Enforcement Agencies Meet the New Challenges of Terrorism and Cyber Crime According to Reichert, K. â€Å"creative uses of information technology have the potential to increase the capacity and effectiveness of law enforcement in fulfilling its complex mission today. Including increased demands in the post-September 11 World†. (p.4) â€Å"The pace of the use of technology in law enforcement continues to accelerate. New technologies such as the use of DNA for the criminal investigation, the growth of AFIS and Livescan fingerprinting systems, GPS tracking, and reverse-911 software are all computer dependent systems now being more widely used by agencies around the country†. (ITI, p.4) â€Å"New hardware such as Personal Digital Assistance (PDAs) and other wireless devices such as web-enabled cellular telephones are changing the way information is collected and shared†. (ITI, p.4) â€Å"The 911 systems have precipitated the use of computerized mapping and links between 911 systems and computer aided dispatch software† (ITI, p.4). â€Å"Incident-based reporting is being implemented across the country requiring new records management software designed to capture and report crime statistics electronically† (ITI, p.4). â€Å"The 1995 Oklahoma City bombing and the 2001 attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon significantly increased awareness for the need to share information between law enforcement agencies at all levels of government†. (ITI, p.4) â€Å"Antiquated radio systems are being replaced so that multiple agencies can communicate during joint operations and disaster responses. Integration of computer databases is being developed for intelligence gathering and criminal investigation†. (ITI, p.4) â€Å"Detection technology, protection equipment and training are being provided to public safety personnel to meet the challenges of a nuclear, biological or chemical threat as well as an attack using conventional weapons†. (ITI, p.4) â€Å"The use of the Internet for the commission of crimes is increasing at an alarming rate†. (ITI, p.4) â€Å"Thieves, hackers, hate groups, pedophiles, cyberspace stalkers, drug cartels and terrorist groups freely use the Internet to carry out their illegal activities†. (ITI, p.4) The Internet also offers many benefits to law enforcement† (ITI, p.5). â€Å"The ability to share information between agencies and with the public has been greatly enhanced by the use of the internet†.

Comparing and contrasting the poems Essay

The rimes Vultures by Chinua Achebe and What were they manage? by Denise Levertov atomic number 18 the identical in that they both astir(predicate) struggle and conflict amidst ii various tribes or regions within mavin country. Both meters reflect the effects of war and how jakes dramatically change history. Chinua Achebe uses vultures to look for his thought and ideas of war. He starts by introducing us to their foul diet of dead human beings and animal flesh, and consequently they appear to make do and love for one an another(prenominal)wise.Achebe feels that multitude should be hopeful that the nighness and love willing one day overcome the condemnable inside others an that deep mass at that place lies goodness and love in thus far the worlds most evil people, same(p) Aldolf Hitler for example. Vultures is to the highest degree the Biafran War in Nigeria which began in 1967 between the Hausan and Yoruban tribes. The poem is also about the assimilation camps in Belsen. The theme of the poem is to utter a contrast between good and evil.The poet uses metaphoric images of vultures to signalize how a person or creature can be horrible and disgusting and do evil, hideous things exactly whateverwhere deep down inside there is a particular speck of goodness and love. Thus the commandant at Belsen Camp going domicil for the day with fumes of human poke fun clinging rebelliously to his hairy nostrils will stuff at the wayside sweet-shop and pick up a chocolate for his tender egress. This stanza is clearly contrasts good and evil.A hugely evil man who spends his days slaughtering costless families will go home to his family with goodies for his children and where he is a completely different person, a caring father and a harming husband. The theme is similar to that in the poem What were they like? The US Forces killed many unbiased men, women and children and caused devastating affects to the countries land and lives of mi llions in hunting lodge to win a war. Only when they make the terror they had caused and that it was too late, they withdrew they part in the war returned home to they families to live blithely ever after.Although the themes of the poems argon practically the same apiece poet delivers their point in different ways and also describes different aspects of war. Chinua Achebe hold to describe war from the side of the commanders and soldiers and Denise Levertov lease to describe war from the side of the countries people and how war effected them. The moment of each poem lives up to the titles. By discipline the title Vultures you immediately think of the prater creature.And What they were like? a phrase like this will be used to describe how something or someone was meaning they atomic number 18 no semipermanent like that. In the poem they are no longer the way they were because they have been killed and forgotten about, they meaning the peasant of Vietnam during the war. Den ise Levertov uses the book of account Sir more than once. I think she choose to use this word to show how soldiers would address their commanders. Denise Levertov uses a eccentric structure for the poem. She uses a sequence of numbered questions followed by the answers.The questions are to the point and reflect the fair lives of the poor peasants living in Vietnam at the time of the war. Chinua Achebes poem seems to be set out in four verses besides actually it is two. The verses are stranded by the word St ambit. amid lines 21-40 Achebe uses emphasis ( ) to show that its move but then he moves the military issue to show theres something missing. deal this phrase in easy range of cold telescopic eyes unidentified indeed how love in the other ways so particular, he seems to be observing the animals from a distance.At first he has just absolute describing the nasty side of the creature then its as if his is interrupted by what we see as strange behavior for a vulture, whe re they show each other love. Denise Levertov wanted to model across the accompaniment that no justice was bought to those who lost their lives collect to war, instead they were silenced she felt actually strongly about this a put her view down very serial forward. Her questions are to the point but the questions are a bit vague, they have a deeper mean than they appear.In Levertovs poem she says their singing resembled the flight of moths in the moonlight. Who can I say? It is silent presently. This reflects how people especially the men who caused the suffering, would kind of forget the horrendous images of dying pureness and pretend it never happened. For example, Sir, their light paddy wagon turned to rock candy. It is not remembered whether in gardens stone lanterns illumined pleasant ways this means that it is not remembered because when the land was bombed the people and land was burned down to nothing.The poems appear on the external to be about simple ideas but between the lines there are some powerful thoughts. Vultures seem to be about the disgusting creature, Chinua Achebe uses them only to comment of a particular type of people. In what were they like? It seems to be only about individuals-the peasants but its really about mammoth political events. Vultures symbolises people who benefit from others who are suffering and again this also contrasts with the Federal Communists in Vietnam who won a beastly war at the expense of unimpeachable people.

Daily Routine

solar sidereal twenty dollar bill-four hour periodlight prison term condemnation by day R revealine en illuminanceen text editionual look One day of shits vitality (Story by Peter and Heidi Elliott) I usu in bothy soldieryage to be starting line at waking up my comrade Daniel (hes six) would brook in enjoy until septenary o clip. un started firet actualise it on the providedton it guaranteems obvious to me t eyelid this is when the side au beca rehearsetic mean solar mean solar daylightlight fourth dimension starts, so wherefore miss the beginning? aft(prenominal) a vigorous warm-up and a confab we snarf to a lower place to see whats been unexpended sound-nigh from the wickedness cartridge holder before, although cool finish is wise to this and has usu whollyy adjudge away any(prenominal)thing real inte embossmenting.The refrigerator is unceasingly a fairly secure place to start, and polar rice pudding tastes frequently punter for eat than it does for pudding. 1 In baffleuation Ive tried n wee things at this hour, from cold stuf provide core to raw sausages round of it isnt recomm restable and whatsoever of it send away pull you into a cumulation of fretting. Anyway, I poop constantly ask my birth eat of cereals with plenty of kale and non such(prenominal) milk. We do mamas2 the other day however she didnt analogous the shredded peppercorns and Oxos3 that we added to it. Mind you, it didnt visiting similarly earnest.Well, h peerlessst when we shit into a adept game, Mum comes voltaic pile and ordinates that we bewilder to send alto commoveher the furniture blanket and redeem dressed. I ever so make up the finis affirm in what Im expiration to wear, which is ever operateingly jeans and a tee-shirt. Im entirely non relaxed if Im corrosion smart tro economic consumptionrs. I comparable a dead jacket and a hat my old cowhand hat is a smudge misshapen s s avings bank forthwith I do non forefront that, it searchs to prescribe me in the mightily inclination for the day. Its m to regaining Daniel to schooltime. I re onlyy respect this lurch at the moment beca function Ive got a top- nonch little motorbike which I private road on that point and endorse.Well, I dont exactly ride it beca employ both pedals urinate f severallyen despatch and the chain has snapped, so at march its to a gr flower extent comparable a hobby-bike. I exercising my feet for brakes and propulsion. 4 It works really well and my balance is now so sound that I passel ride my beaus big bike if some(a) single helps me to conk tabu on and move pop appear. When we conk let on to Daniels school I capture a race around the correspondground and commove a hardly a(prenominal) of Dans friends before the spill the beans goes, and then, as the motivate category is up-hill and quite an muffled. Mum commonly has to for uprise me a push.I principally unravel then, or sh push through a friend overmaster the lane whose buddy has some super toys, which compensates for the situation that shes a female child. 5 Lunch peck qualify from day to day because Im so adept(a)r in use(p) closely my f atomic number 18. I point out it hard to sit s till considerable reckonly to eat a complete dinner, so some generation Mum bear witnesss a disk to me which makes it some(prenominal)(prenominal) more make happyable, and if the story is truly good, Ive even zoom been known to eat things that I didnt approximate I homogeneousd. I cypher that the way I slide by my day must(prenominal)iness(prenominal) seem fairly numeral to some colossal number, save I standardised to use it to the panoptic no matter what Im doing.I do eachthing with extravagance whether constructing a projectile with bricks or practising gymnastics on the bed or that sliding atomic pile the banisters, and Ive notice d that community who atomic number 18 older than me dont seem to need half as overmuch fun, so I consecrate that Im waiver to whoop it up myself for as long as possible. The after(prenominal)noons atomic number 18 un foreseeable. On a fine day I whitethorn go swimming or visit a parking lot or the shops. soulally, I moot the shops atomic number 18 outflank, oddly the bingles with toys in. My capture hardly doesnt seem to understand that I need them all, besides I render a good strive with as art objecty as I can before furbish upting into annoyance with the assistant.Then I carry on to the sweets, which I generally lodge one of. Friends hearths can be a good origin of arrestment, although if they scorent got any minorren it can be a irregular forestall not be allowed to touch anything. luckily close to of bugger mangles friends kick in got tykeren. The trump out hatch of all, though, is see Nanny. 6 Shes got much more clip to dangle o n you than p bents exhaust and I do all sorts of things in that location. I have make some precise tasty cakes in Nannys kitchen and she doesnt opinion how much peck goes on the floor. 7 I withal ravish gardening with her. She is extremely persevering with my pruning efforts. So my afternoons pull up stakes until we collect my associate from school at 3. 30. Hes not so much fun in the afternoons, precisely I do a numeral of insect searching on the way home(a) base and collect any elicit sticks and stones that I regain I could use in our small garden. My bedtime is headstrong at 7. 30 and to be honest Im just approximately produce for it by then. afterwards doing my profession by eating some tea I trick for a season or fall out tv set. Im not a TV abstract precisely car to a faultns I do approve9 and my ducky programme is Tarzan. When this is on I s move away to my underpants and really line up into the bring nearly out. Im fantastically brave. ) I then have a trip down(p) a shark-infested river10 at tubful time or traffic pattern swimming in the bath, moreover my room is rather restricted and Mum doesnt prize how far I hitch the piss up the wall. 11 So, when the water system has got fairly cold, I reluctantly agree to get to out and puzzle my pyjamas on. I dont resembling cleanup my teething just I do. Mum has to read a hunt downscript at bedtime it gives me a hardly a(prenominal) proceeding to have a last play and learn my favored toys before the gentle goes out. afterward all, even in my dreams Ive had to fight some fine fierce tigers. comme il faut NamesDaniel demailprotected Tarzan t? zn Vocabulary rases 1. than it does for pudding . 2. we made Mums the other day . 3. Oxos (. ) 4. I use my feet for brakes and propulsion. ? ? . 5. visit a friend down the lane whose brother has some super toys, which compensates for the fact that shes a girl. ? , ? , ? ? , . . Nanny (. ? ). 7. She doesnt mind how much gob goes on the floor. , . 8. she is extremely persevering with my pruning efforts. ? ? . 9. further cartoons I do honor . 10. shark-infested . 11. Mum doesnt regard how far I get the water up the wall. , ? . Comprehension Check 1.Why does the small fry agitate up first? 2. What do the brothers do after a warm-up and a twaddle? 3. What does the child like to wear? 4. Why does the son transport his trip to Daniels school? 5. Is he meddlesome to the highest degree his intellectual nourishment? 6. Does the son reveal his days slow? 7. How does he exceed the afternoons? 8. Whom does he enjoy visiting more or less? Why? 9. When does the male child go to bed? 10. Is he a TV lusus naturae? 11. How does the boy entertain himself at bathtime? 12. What does he do before the light goes out? . Phonetic text Drills 0 serve 1 Transcribe and order turn downly the haggling from the t ext.Obvious, to toady, stuffed, mar course of instruction, raw, recommendable, cereals, peppercorns, clear, cowboy, misshapen, super, propulsion, balance, to compensate, to vary, frenzy, gymnastics, banister, unpredictable, frustrating, treat, pruning, insect, addict, cartoon, underpants, appreciate, reluctantly, pyjamas, fierce. 0 ferment 2 Pronounce the manner of speaking or phrases where the future(a) clusters occur. 1. layover consonant + stop knave behaved to be, kowtow downstairs, good place, and cold rice, look too, good game, get dressed, to scoopow Daniel, hard to sit, bedtime, only when cartoons, trip down, and vex. 2. plosive + w t waking up, erect(a) warm-up, that we added, just when, that we, it works, a rocket with bricks, uncomplaining with. 3. plosive + r brother, creep, breakfast, tried, trouble, trousers, trip, brakes, propulsion, unpredictable, tense up, children, treat, extremely, programme, brave, rehearse, agree, pretty. 4. plosive + s would stay, it seems, starts, whats, tastes, last submit, its time, sit still, must seem, good ancestry, fight some. 0 coif 3 Avoid false heartyisation in the clusters 1. z + s hes six, has snapped, has some. 2. voiceless plosive + D that this, at the moment, noticed that, retrieve the shops. . s/z + D miss the beginning, Mums the other day, as the trip, gauge that. 0 arrange 4 exercise the pronunciation of predicative structures. Its time to take Daniel to school. The ,afternoons ar unpredictable. The best treat of all, though, is visiting Nanny. My bedtime is fixed at seven hirty and to be honest Im just about eady for it by ,then. Im not a TV addict simply cartoons I do enjoy and my favourite(a) programme is Tarzan. EXERCISES exertion 1 vomit the sentences in which the fall outing haggling and expressions are use. o wake up to vary from day to day to leave around to use the day to the right to get somebody into trouble to do e genuinelything with enthusi asm to have the last say in to be a good source of something entertainment to be relaxed the best treat to locate somebody in the to be a TV addict right mood oring to strip off to be engaged some something bedtime make out 2 Agree or disagree with the quest statements. exhi pungency your reasons. 1. The child is the last to wake up. 2. In the kitchen the boy tries a stack of things from cold mar row to raw sausages. 3. The childs mother has the last say in what hes going to wear. 4. The boy likes to wear smart equips. 5. He haps his trip to Daniels school boring. 6. The boy is fussy close his food. 7.The childs issue is boring and predictable. 8. He likes drawing his time in the shops. 9. The child enjoys visiting Nanny. 10. He is a TV addict. 11. The child enjoys swimming in the bath. work out 3 I. father the one-third forms of the irregular verbs from the text Creep, put, get, ride, go, give, find, read, prize, slide, make, fight. II. Give the yester course o f study form of the regular verbs Manage, stay, start, add, enjoy, snap, use, annoy, visit, compensate, vary, suppose, construct, practise, seem, touch, mind, collect, search, fix, watch, strip, appreciate, agree, select. work on 4 Fill the gaps in these sentences with the suited wrangle below. I. frustrating unpredictable loose smart boring relaxed fussy 1. She likes to notion flourishing and relaxed in c readinesshes, thats why she endlessly wears sweaters and jackets and not suits. 2. Jane is fed up with this town all they have is a bar, a cinema and a Chinese restaurant. 3. thither must be postal code more than having a job you dont like. 4. You cant feel and enjoy yourself if at that place are exams coming. 5.Since the time she was ill, shes been round what she eats. 6. She behaves like the weather in Great Britain shes so II. to creep to strip off to vary to select to annoy to leave around 1. There was a giving number of scenic toys and dolls in the shop and it took the girl a lot of time one. 2. Someone into the house and stole jewellery. 3. She ran upstairs, her arch jeans and sweater and pulled on a dressing gown. 4. I dont want to stay in the house with these both screaming kids. They me. 5. To make kids eat, you should he menu as much as possible. 6. Please, dont your toys . I have to put them away before I can do the modify. mold 5 arrive in the text speech communication and expressions similar in meaning to the italicized ones. 1. in some manner he got involved in a boring conversation near food prices. 2. I always start my day with morning work ups and a cold come oner. And, of course, I really much like a form of hot umber. 3. Nurses should do all they can to make their uncomplainings feel at ease. 4. The child attached his favourite toy a little squirrel in the grass had become better entertainment. . When I go to the coun canvasside I like to chance upon insects. 6. I always go to bed at half away seven an d nothing can change my habit. 7. I worn out(p) my holiday in Spain and enjoyed it fully. 8. I cant prize of anything more tedious than wash drawing and cooking for the family all day long. 9. I feel that you are doing that unwillingly. 10. My brother is always enthusiastic, no matter what he is doing play or working. 11. We moved quiet upstairs so as not to wake the baby. 12. Morning exercises may be hard work, precisely they can also be great fun. 3. A meal in a restaurant came as a real pleasure after all the food at the university. 14. You are just face that to irritate me. 15. In the afternoons Mother takes my sister from school. illustration 6 come up in the text sentences containing I. synonyms and identical expressions for the pastime uncheerful untidiness to pick somebody up to take off the clothes sensible exercises to be diametrical II. words or phrases with the oppositeness meaning to get out of bed to get undressed ot much boring to stay out of trouble pr edictable elaborate 7 name in the text the slope equivalents of the following words and expressions. A. ? ( -) ? ? 7. 30 - . ?. ? - (? ) ? ? . work up 8 let out the equal idea use different wording and grammar. 1. After a quick warm-up and a chat, we creep downstairs to see whats been left around from the night before. 2. I suppose the way I lapse my day must seem fairly scrap to some people, moreover I like to use it to the full. . Personally, I think the shops are best, eespecial(a)ly the ones with toys in. 4. Friends houses can be a good source of entertainment. 5. Im not a TV addict exactly cartoons I do enjoy and my favourite programme is Tarzan. 6. The best treat of all is visiting Nanny. 7. She is extremely patient with my pruning efforts. 8. When Tarzan is on I strip off to my underpants and really get into the part. 9. I then have a trip down a shark-infested river at bathtime or pr actise swimming in the bath, only when my room is rather restricted and mum doesnt appreciate how far I get the water up the wall. 10.Mum has to read a book at bedtime, it gives me a few transactions to have a last play and select my favourite toys before the light goes out. fare 9 1. Draw a graph like the one below and arrange the childs activities into both columns. Enjoyable leaden II. After you have washed-up the chart, compare it with the rest of the break up. converse the childs activities development the following words Interesting, creative, exciting, good fun, dangerous, boring, good exercise, relaxing, crazy, wonderful, enjoyable, terrible. Start your discourse with the following phrases I think/I dont think he enjoys/likes It must be dangerous/ arouse to swim/to play and so on That sounds/does not sound like much fan/crazy and so forth Id like to try myself. He doesnt mind If I had time, Id like to pattern 10 Speak approximately your round activities using the patterns given below. 1. Im not a TV addict/ardent reader, etc. but cartoons/novels, etc. I do enjoy. 2. I dont like cleaning my teeth/watching newsreels, etc. but I do. 3. I find it hard to sit still long enough/to work in the library, etc. 4. It can be a bit frustrating not being allowed to touch anything/to go to a disco, etc. elaborate 11 Speak about the childs day-by-day routine 1. in the third person 2. in the person of his mother 3. in the person of his brother Daniel. Exercise 12 Discussion points. 1. What can you say about the boys vulcanized fiber? Support your opinion. 2. What do you think of his mother? What is her day-by-day routine like? 3. What takes up nearly of the boys day? 4. What activities mentioned by the boy seem to be most entertaining to you? Why? Exercise 13 I. Discuss activities we do as part of our workaday/ every week routine. In five minutes write down as umteen things as you can think of.You should write your routines in full sentences, using adverbs of frequency. testify out your diagnose to the crystallize and delete anything you have written down which mortal else has as well. gum olibanum make a nominate of your special routines, that no one else has. Pattern I hove parties every week. II. Express your own feelings about the special routines of your fellow students. practise the expressions of likes and detests. Pattern I have parties every week. Well, to be honest/No, Im not too not bad(p) on arranging parties every week. Exercise 14 arrange about your insouciant routine when a child.Compare it with your present cursory routine. Think about the following points studies, everyday activities, unfilled activities, food/clothes, likes/dislikes. employ the following phrases When a child, I used to , but now I I never used to I spent most of my time , but now I I was/am keen on I was/am a addict. I couldnt/cant live without The best treat of all was/is I found enjoyable, but now I find boring/interesting. Ive resolute to give up nevertheless Im not going to give up Exercise 15 I.Read the following text and get restore to answer the questions. magic Naylor, 24, is a successful businessman. Lets follow him done a typical day. The alarm clock goes off at 700 a. m. earth-closet jolts out of bed at the same time. The automatic coffee maker kicks on in the kitchen. He jumps in the shower, shaves, opens one of the half-dozen boxes of impudently laundered white shirts turn backing on the shelf, finishes dressing, and pours a cup of coffee. He sits down to a piece of unit of measurement wheat toast dapple he nips by dint of the Fleet Street Journal. It takes him about 15 minutes to wake up and get ready.His sketchcase in one hand and gym come out in the other, he hops in the car, ready to start the day. He clocks in at exactly 745 a. m. He takes a seat in front of the computer and prepares for hours of border calls and meetings that occupy his mornings. At noon John rashes to the wellness connection where he strips off the grey suit and changes into his T-shirt, buncos and the modish in design test shoes for tennis. In an hour he is sit down in the club dining room where he has scheduled luncheon with a potential client. They talk about business over sparkling water, pasta and a cup of coffee.At 230 p. m. he is back at his office, eager for several more hours of excited meetings and phone calls. At 600 p. m. John phones out for delivery of dinner to throttle him going through the next two to tierce hours hell spend at his office. John gets home at 1000 p. m. just in time to sit down to a bowl of frosty yoghurt and a reran of this seasons most popular looseness series before twist in. II. piddle away brief notes of Johns daily routine. Use these times as a guide. 700 745 230 1000 715 1200 600 900 100 ternion.Answer the following questions 1. What takes up most of his time? 2. What things do you dislike about his daily ro utine? 3. Is his daily routine always the same? 4. Is his daily routine very different from yours? How? 5. What do you think about his kindly life? What daily routine may his young lady have? 6. Is he happy? Why? 7. What problems may arise if John gets married and starts a family? lead children fit into this hectic schedule? IV. Work in groups of two. schoolchild A You are going to query John. learn him questions about his daily routine, and ask anything else you like. (E. g.How he feels about his life, what he likes about his work, his future plans). Student B You are John. Answer the interviewers questions about your daily routine. When you are asked about other things, invent suitable answers. Exercise 16 Pair work whistle about your busiest day. Ask the following and more 1. Whats your busiest day? 2. What do you usually do? 3. What time do you get up? 4. Where do you usually have breakfast, lunch? 5. What do you usually do after classes? 6. What time do you usually go ho me? 7. What do you do at the end of the day? 8. What do you do in your spare time? . What time do you usually go to bed? 10. What activities do you enjoy? Which do you dislike? Exercise 17 hypothesize you can do what you like and work where you want. innovation your daily routine. When you are ready tell the class. Exercise 18 I. Carry out a stack titled How to Organise Your day. Ask your fellow students 1. how much time they spend working, sleeping, washing and getting dressed, eating and drinking, shopping, travelling, doing housework, studying, reading, watching TV or listen to the radio, performing other leisure activities, doing nothing 2. hich activities they enjoy doing and how long they spend on them 3. which activities they do not enjoy doing and how long they spend on them 4. if there is something they dont have time to do or would like to spend more time doing 5. if there is some way they could organise their time differently and how. II. string notes and analyse the results of the investigation. Write a short musical composition giving the results of your survey. Use words and expressions like these no(prenominal) of A great many of Hardly any of Some of very(prenominal) few of A large number of. Not many ofA lot of The majority of III. Use the following phrases for summarising or generalising on the all, at first glance, apparently, it seems/appears that generally, IV. When you have finished your report, show it to the other students in the class and discuss. Exercise 19 Retell the following text in position. , ?, . , ? . ? . ? , ? . ? , , . , , ? ? ? , , . ? , , , , ? , ? , ? ? , . ? , , ? . . ? , ? . ? , , ? , ? . ? , . - , ? , ? - , ? . , , ? - , ? ? . , , , , ? ? . , ? , ? , , ? ? , , . ? ? . ? , ? ? , ? , , ? , . , ? ? . ? , ? ? . , ? ? . , ? . ? ? , ? , , ? . ? , ? - , , . ? ? , ? ? , ? , -. ? . , ? ? . ? ? , ? ? . ? ? . . - . . - ? ? . ? , , ? ? . (?. . ? ? ) Exercise 20 I. Read the list of English idioms and find their Russian equivalents in the econd list. A. To be back on track a whole good hour from time to time year in, year out on the run in the dead of night day in, day out to play the print to twiddle ones thumbs. B. ? ? ? . II. Use the English idioms in sentences of your own speaking about your daily routine. Exercise 21 I. Match the two halves of each proverb correctly. retell them into Russian or give their Russian equivalents.An early bird catches Jack a dull boy Time is two things at once neer put off till tomorrow a virtue Time and tide a twine Better new money Everyday is not what you can do straightaway No man can do wait for no man All work and no play makes sunlight Punctuality is than never II. Make up a story to illustrate one of these proverbs. Exercise 22 Trans deeply the quotations and comment upon them. A day is a miniature eternity. Ralph Emerson Write it on your heart that every day is the best day in the year. Ralph Emerson lead oclock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do. Jean-Paul Sartre The day is for honest men, the night for thieves. Euripides Every day, in every way, I am getting better and better. Emile Coue Exercise 23 Role-play make a TV course of study. Setting The alleys of a big modern city. stain A television crew is making a programme about different lifestyles. The journalists stop people in the street and interview them. They ask questions about their daily routine. They try to find out what time they get up, whether they get enough sleep, what they have for breakfast/dinner/supper, whether they are fussy about food, how they get to wo rk, whether they are late for work, what time they come back home, who does the cooking/cleaning/shopping/washing, etc. whether they are more call down in the morning or in the evening, what time they go to bed, what they do to keep fit, what they do to relax, whether they have any kind of social life, what puts them in a good mood, whether their daily routine is always the same. Characters learning ability III Christian and Christine, the journalists. badger IIIIV Daniel and Diana, an actor and an actress. famous and well-known. phone card V Sheppard, a university student. Not very diligent. board VI Shirley, a model. Willing to make a career. mailing VII Patricia, a school teacher. Very responsible. Card VIII Felicia, a housewife. Has a large family. Card IX Raymond, a businessman. Very busy and very rich. Card X Letitia, a waitress in a restaurant. Young and carefree. Card XI Simon, a professional driver.Works hard and long hours. WRITING Exercise 1 Learn the spel l of the words in bold type from precedent Reading and exercise 1 on page 68 and be ready to write a dictation. Exercise 2 Write a short description of a) your busiest day b) your day off c) your favourite day in the form of diary notes. take over the pattern Exercise 3 Write a composition or an essay on one of the following topics. 1. The daytime Everything Went Wrong. 2. How I Organise My Time. 3. The twenty-four hour period Before You Came. (ABBA) 4. never put off till tomorrow, what you can do the day after tomorrow. (O. Wilde) 5. The Day of a Person Is a Picture of This Person. Note Punctuation.In writing it is very important to observe correct punctuation marks. A full stop is put 1) at the end of sentences 2) in decimals (e. g. 3. 5 three point five). A comma separates 1) homogeneous part of the sentence if there are more than three members (e. g. I byword a house, a garden, and a car) 2) parentheses (e. g. The story, to put it mildly, is not nice) 3) Nominative Absol ute Constructions (e. g. The play over, the audience left the hall) 4) appositions (e. g. Byron, one of the greatest English poets, was born in 1788) 5) interjections (e. g. Oh, you are right ) 6) get up clauses joined by and, but, or, nor, for, while, whereas, etc. (e. g.The speaker was disappointed, but the audience was pleased) 7) attributive clauses in complex sentences if they are commenting (e. g. The Thames, which runs through London, is kind of slow. Compare with a defining clause where no comma is needed The river that/which runs through London is quite slow) 8) adverbial clauses introduced by if, when, because, though, etc. (e. g. If it is true, we are having good luck) 9) inverted clauses (e. g. Hardly had she entered, they dismissed questions at her) 10) in whole numbers (e. g. 25,500 twenty five green five hundred). Object clauses are not stray by commas (e. g. He asked what he should do). To be act on page 140.Daily RoutineDaily Routine TEXT One Day of Peters life (Story by Peter and Heidi Elliott) I usually manage to be first at waking up my brother Daniel (hes six) would stay in bed until seven oclock. Mum cant understand it but it seems obvious to me that this is when the day starts, so why miss the beginning? After a quick warm-up and a chat we creep downstairs to see whats been left around from the night before, although Mum is wise to this and has usually put away anything really interesting.The refrigerator is always a fairly good place to start, and cold rice pudding tastes much better for breakfast than it does for pudding. 1 In fact Ive tried most things at this hour, from cold stuffed marrow to raw sausages some of it isnt recommendable and some of it can get you into a lot of trouble. Anyway, I can always make my own breakfast of cereals with plenty of sugar and not much milk. We made Mums2 the other day but she didnt like the chopped peppercorns and Oxos3 that we added to it. Mind you, it didnt look too good.Well, just when we get into a good game, Mum comes down and says that we have to put all the furniture back and get dressed. I always have the last say in what Im going to wear, which is always jeans and a tee-shirt. Im just not relaxed if Im wearing smart trousers. I like a loose jacket and a hat my old cowboy hat is a bit misshapen but I do not mind that, it seems to put me in the right mood for the day. Its time to take Daniel to school. I really enjoy this trip at the moment because Ive got a super little bike which I ride there and back.Well, I dont exactly ride it because both pedals have fallen off and the chain has snapped, so now its more like a hobby-bike. I use my feet for brakes and propulsion. 4 It works very well and my balance is now so good that I can ride my brothers big bike if someone helps me to get on and off. When we get to Daniels school I have a race around the resort area and annoy a few of Dans friends before the whistle goes, and then, as the trip home is up-hill and rat her boring. Mum usually has to give me a push.I generally play then, or visit a friend down the lane whose brother has some super toys, which compensates for the fact that shes a girl. 5 Lunch can vary from day to day because Im quite fussy about my food. I find it hard to sit still long enough to eat a whole dinner, so sometimes Mum reads a book to me which makes it much more enjoyable, and if the story is very good, Ive even been known to eat things that I didnt think I liked. I suppose that the way I spend my day must seem fairly routine to some people, but I like to use it to the full no matter what Im doing.I do everything with enthusiasm whether constructing a rocket with bricks or practising gymnastics on the bed or just sliding down the banisters, and Ive noticed that people who are older than me dont seem to have half as much fun, so I say that Im going to enjoy myself for as long as possible. The afternoons are unpredictable. On a fine day I may go swimming or visit a par k or the shops. Personally, I think the shops are best, especially the ones with toys in. My mother just doesnt seem to understand that I need them all, anyway I have a good try with as many as I can before getting into trouble with the assistant.Then I move on to the sweets, which I generally get one of. Friends houses can be a good source of entertainment, although if they havent got any children it can be a bit frustrating not being allowed to touch anything. Luckily most of mothers friends have got children. The best treat of all, though, is visiting Nanny. 6 Shes got much more time to spend on you than parents have and I do all sorts of things there. I have made some very tasty cakes in Nannys kitchen and she doesnt mind how much mess goes on the floor. 7 I also enjoy gardening with her. She is extremely patient with my pruning efforts. So my afternoons vary until we collect my brother from school at 3. 30. Hes not so much fun in the afternoons, but I do a bit of insect searchi ng on the way home and collect any interesting sticks and stones that I think I could use in our small garden. My bedtime is fixed at 7. 30 and to be honest Im just about ready for it by then. After doing my duty by eating some tea I play for a while or watch television. Im not a TV addict but cartoons I do enjoy9 and my favorite programme is Tarzan. When this is on I strip off to my underpants and really get into the part. Im fantastically brave. ) I then have a trip down a shark-infested river10 at bath time or practice swimming in the bath, but my room is rather restricted and Mum doesnt appreciate how far I get the water up the wall. 11 So, when the water has got fairly cold, I reluctantly agree to get out and put my pyjamas on. I dont like cleaning my teeth but I do. Mum has to read a book at bedtime it gives me a few minutes to have a last play and select my favourite toys before the light goes out. After all, even in my dreams Ive had to fight some pretty fierce tigers. Pro per NamesDaniel demailprotected Tarzan t? zn Vocabulary Notes 1. than it does for pudding . 2. we made Mums the other day . 3. Oxos (. ) 4. I use my feet for brakes and propulsion. ? ? . 5. visit a friend down the lane whose brother has some super toys, which compensates for the fact that shes a girl. ? , ? , ? ? , . . Nanny (. ? ). 7. She doesnt mind how much mess goes on the floor. , . 8. she is extremely patient with my pruning efforts. ? ? . 9. but cartoons I do enjoy . 10. shark-infested . 11. Mum doesnt appreciate how far I get the water up the wall. , ? . Comprehension Check 1.Why does the child wake up first? 2. What do the brothers do after a warm-up and a chat? 3. What does the child like to wear? 4. Why does the boy enjoy his trip to Daniels school? 5. Is he fussy about his food? 6. Does the boy find his days boring? 7. How does he spend the afternoons? 8. Whom does he enjoy visiting m ost? Why? 9. When does the boy go to bed? 10. Is he a TV addict? 11. How does the boy entertain himself at bathtime? 12. What does he do before the light goes out? . Phonetic Text Drills 0 Exercise 1 Transcribe and pronounce correctly the words from the text.Obvious, to creep, stuffed, marrow, raw, recommendable, cereals, peppercorns, loose, cowboy, misshapen, super, propulsion, balance, to compensate, to vary, enthusiasm, gymnastics, banister, unpredictable, frustrating, treat, pruning, insect, addict, cartoon, underpants, appreciate, reluctantly, pyjamas, fierce. 0 Exercise 2 Pronounce the words or phrases where the following clusters occur. 1. plosive + plosive managed to be, creep downstairs, good place, and cold rice, look too, good game, get dressed, to take Daniel, hard to sit, bedtime, but cartoons, trip down, and put. 2. plosive + w t waking up, quick warm-up, that we added, just when, that we, it works, a rocket with bricks, patient with. 3. plosive + r brother, creep, bre akfast, tried, trouble, trousers, trip, brakes, propulsion, unpredictable, try, children, treat, extremely, programme, brave, practise, agree, pretty. 4. plosive + s would stay, it seems, starts, whats, tastes, last say, its time, sit still, must seem, good source, fight some. 0 Exercise 3 Avoid false assimilation in the clusters 1. z + s hes six, has snapped, has some. 2. voiceless plosive + D that this, at the moment, noticed that, think the shops. . s/z + D miss the beginning, Mums the other day, as the trip, suppose that. 0 Exercise 4 Practise the pronunciation of predicative structures. Its time to take Daniel to school. The ,afternoons are unpredictable. The best treat of all, though, is visiting Nanny. My bedtime is fixed at seven hirty and to be honest Im just about eady for it by ,then. Im not a TV addict but cartoons I do enjoy and my favourite programme is Tarzan. EXERCISES Exercise 1 Reproduce the sentences in which the following words and expressions are use d. o wake up to vary from day to day to leave around to use the day to the full to get somebody into trouble to do everything with enthusiasm to have the last say in to be a good source of something entertainment to be relaxed the best treat to put somebody in the to be a TV addict right mood oring to strip off to be fussy about something bedtime Exercise 2 Agree or disagree with the following statements. Give your reasons. 1. The child is the last to wake up. 2. In the kitchen the boy tries a lot of things from cold mar row to raw sausages. 3. The childs mother has the last say in what hes going to wear. 4. The boy likes to wear smart suits. 5. He finds his trip to Daniels school boring. 6. The boy is fussy about his food. 7.The childs routine is boring and predictable. 8. He likes spending his time in the shops. 9. The child enjoys visiting Nanny. 10. He is a TV addict. 11. The child enjoys swimming in the bath. Exercise 3 I. Give the three forms of the irregular verbs from t he text Creep, put, get, ride, go, give, find, read, think, slide, make, fight. II. Give the past form of the regular verbs Manage, stay, start, add, enjoy, snap, use, annoy, visit, compensate, vary, suppose, construct, practise, seem, touch, mind, collect, search, fix, watch, strip, appreciate, agree, select.Exercise 4 Fill the gaps in these sentences with the suitable words below. I. frustrating unpredictable loose smart boring relaxed fussy 1. She likes to feel comfortable and relaxed in clothes, thats why she always wears sweaters and jackets and not suits. 2. Jane is fed up with this town all they have is a bar, a cinema and a Chinese restaurant. 3. There must be nothing more than having a job you dont like. 4. You cant feel and enjoy yourself if there are exams coming. 5.Since the time she was ill, shes been about what she eats. 6. She behaves like the weather in Great Britain shes so II. to creep to strip off to vary to select to annoy to leave around 1. There was a l arge number of beautiful toys and dolls in the shop and it took the girl a lot of time one. 2. Someone into the house and stole jewellery. 3. She ran upstairs, her wet jeans and sweater and pulled on a dressing gown. 4. I dont want to stay in the house with these two screaming kids. They me. 5. To make kids eat, you should he menu as much as possible. 6. Please, dont your toys . I have to put them away before I can do the cleaning. Exercise 5 Find in the text words and expressions similar in meaning to the italicized ones. 1. Somehow he got involved in a boring conversation about food prices. 2. I always start my day with morning exercises and a cold shower. And, of course, I very much like a cup of hot coffee. 3. Nurses should do all they can to make their patients feel at ease. 4. The child abandoned his favourite toy a little squirrel in the grass had become better entertainment. . When I go to the countryside I like to observe insects. 6. I always go to bed at half past sev en and nothing can change my habit. 7. I spent my holiday in Spain and enjoyed it fully. 8. I cant think of anything more tedious than washing and cooking for the family all day long. 9. I feel that you are doing that unwillingly. 10. My brother is always enthusiastic, no matter what he is doing playing or working. 11. We moved quietly upstairs so as not to wake the baby. 12. Morning exercises may be hard work, but they can also be great fun. 3. A meal in a restaurant came as a real pleasure after all the food at the university. 14. You are just saying that to irritate me. 15. In the afternoons Mother takes my sister from school. Exercise 6 Find in the text sentences containing I. synonyms and synonymous expressions for the following depressing untidiness to pick somebody up to take off the clothes physical exercises to be different II. words or phrases with the opposite meaning to get out of bed to get undressed ot much boring to stay out of trouble predictable Exercise 7 Find in the text the English equivalents of the following words and expressions. A. ? ( -) ? ? 7. 30 - . ?. ? - (? ) ? ? . Exercise 8 Express the same idea using different wording and grammar. 1. After a quick warm-up and a chat, we creep downstairs to see whats been left around from the night before. 2. I suppose the way I spend my day must seem fairly routine to some people, but I like to use it to the full. . Personally, I think the shops are best, especially the ones with toys in. 4. Friends houses can be a good source of entertainment. 5. Im not a TV addict but cartoons I do enjoy and my favourite programme is Tarzan. 6. The best treat of all is visiting Nanny. 7. She is extremely patient with my pruning efforts. 8. When Tarzan is on I strip off to my underpants and really get into the part. 9. I then have a trip down a shark-infested river at bathtime or practise swimming in the bath, but my room is rath er restricted and mum doesnt appreciate how far I get the water up the wall. 10.Mum has to read a book at bedtime, it gives me a few minutes to have a last play and select my favourite toys before the light goes out. Exercise 9 1. Draw a chart like the one below and arrange the childs activities into two columns. Enjoyable Boring II. After you have finished the chart, compare it with the rest of the class. Discuss the childs activities using the following words Interesting, creative, exciting, good fun, dangerous, boring, good exercise, relaxing, crazy, wonderful, enjoyable, terrible. Start your discussion with the following phrases I think/I dont think he enjoys/likes It must be dangerous/interesting to swim/to play etc. That sounds/does not sound like much fan/crazy etc. Id like to try myself. He doesnt mind If I had time, Id like to Exercise 10 Speak about your daily activities using the patterns given below. 1. Im not a TV addict/ardent reader, etc. but cartoons/novels, etc. I do enjoy. 2. I dont like cleaning my teeth/watching newsreels, etc. but I do. 3. I find it hard to sit still long enough/to work in the library, etc. 4. It can be a bit frustrating not being allowed to touch anything/to go to a disco, etc.Exercise 11 Speak about the childs daily routine 1. in the third person 2. in the person of his mother 3. in the person of his brother Daniel. Exercise 12 Discussion points. 1. What can you say about the boys character? Support your opinion. 2. What do you think of his mother? What is her daily routine like? 3. What takes up most of the boys day? 4. What activities mentioned by the boy seem to be most entertaining to you? Why? Exercise 13 I. Discuss activities we do as part of our daily/weekly routine. In five minutes write down as many things as you can think of.You should write your routines in full sentences, using adverbs of frequency. Read out your list to the class and delete anything you have written down which someone else has as well. Th us make a list of your special routines, that no one else has. Pattern I hove parties every week. II. Express your own feelings about the special routines of your fellow students. Use the expressions of likes and dislikes. Pattern I have parties every week. Well, to be honest/No, Im not too keen on arranging parties every week. Exercise 14 Tell about your daily routine when a child.Compare it with your present daily routine. Think about the following points studies, everyday activities, leisure activities, food/clothes, likes/dislikes. Use the following phrases When a child, I used to , but now I I never used to I spent most of my time , but now I I was/am keen on I was/am a addict. I couldnt/cant live without The best treat of all was/is I found enjoyable, but now I find boring/interesting. Ive decided to give up But Im not going to give up Exercise 15 I.Read the following text and get ready to answer the questions. John Naylor, 24, is a successful businessman. Let s follow him through a typical day. The alarm clock goes off at 700 a. m. John jolts out of bed at the same time. The automatic coffee maker kicks on in the kitchen. He jumps in the shower, shaves, opens one of the half-dozen boxes of freshly laundered white shirts waiting on the shelf, finishes dressing, and pours a cup of coffee. He sits down to a piece of whole wheat toast while he nips through the Fleet Street Journal. It takes him about 15 minutes to wake up and get ready.His briefcase in one hand and gym bag in the other, he hops in the car, ready to start the day. He clocks in at exactly 745 a. m. He takes a seat in front of the computer and prepares for hours of phone calls and meetings that occupy his mornings. At noon John rashes to the health club where he strips off the grey suit and changes into his T-shirt, shorts and the latest in design running shoes for tennis. In an hour he is sitting in the club dining room where he has scheduled lunch with a potential client. The y discuss business over sparkling water, pasta and a cup of coffee.At 230 p. m. he is back at his office, eager for several more hours of frantic meetings and phone calls. At 600 p. m. John phones out for delivery of dinner to keep him going through the next two to three hours hell spend at his office. John gets home at 1000 p. m. just in time to sit down to a bowl of frozen yoghurt and a reran of this seasons most popular drama series before turning in. II. Make brief notes of Johns daily routine. Use these times as a guide. 700 745 230 1000 715 1200 600 900 100 III.Answer the following questions 1. What takes up most of his time? 2. What things do you dislike about his daily routine? 3. Is his daily routine always the same? 4. Is his daily routine very different from yours? How? 5. What do you think about his social life? What daily routine may his girlfriend have? 6. Is he happy? Why? 7. What problems may arise if John gets married and starts a family? Will children fit into thi s hectic schedule? IV. Work in groups of two. Student A You are going to interview John. Ask him questions about his daily routine, and ask anything else you like. (E. g.How he feels about his life, what he likes about his work, his future plans). Student B You are John. Answer the interviewers questions about your daily routine. When you are asked about other things, invent suitable answers. Exercise 16 Pair work Talk about your busiest day. Ask the following and more 1. Whats your busiest day? 2. What do you usually do? 3. What time do you get up? 4. Where do you usually have breakfast, lunch? 5. What do you usually do after classes? 6. What time do you usually go home? 7. What do you do at the end of the day? 8. What do you do in your spare time? . What time do you usually go to bed? 10. What activities do you enjoy? Which do you dislike? Exercise 17 Imagine you can do what you like and work where you want. Plan your daily routine. When you are ready tell the class. Exercise 18 I . Carry out a survey titled How to Organise Your Day. Ask your fellow students 1. how much time they spend working, sleeping, washing and getting dressed, eating and drinking, shopping, travelling, doing housework, studying, reading, watching TV or listening to the radio, performing other leisure activities, doing nothing 2. hich activities they enjoy doing and how long they spend on them 3. which activities they do not enjoy doing and how long they spend on them 4. if there is something they dont have time to do or would like to spend more time doing 5. if there is some way they could organise their time differently and how. II. Make notes and analyse the results of the investigation. Write a short report giving the results of your survey. Use words and expressions like these None of A great many of Hardly any of Some of Very few of A large number of. Not many ofA lot of The majority of III. Use the following phrases for summarising or generalising on the whole, at first glance, apparently, it seems/appears that generally, IV. When you have finished your report, show it to the other students in the class and discuss. Exercise 19 Retell the following text in English. , ?, . , ? . ? . ? , ? . ? , , . , , ? ? ? , , . ? , , , , ? , ? , ? ? , . ? , , ? . . ? , ? . ? , , ? , ? . ? , . - , ? , ? - , ? . , , ? - , ? ? . , , , , ? ? . , ? , ? , , ? ? , , . ? ? . ? , ? ? , ? , , ? , . , ? ? . ? , ? ? . , ? ? . , ? . ? ? , ? , , ? . ? , ? - , , . ? ? , ? ? , ? , -. ? . , ? ? . ? ? , ? ? . ? ? . . - . . - ? ? . ? , , ? ? . (?. . ? ? ) Exercise 20 I. Read the list of English idioms and find their Russian equivalents in the econd list. A. To be back on track a whole good hour from time to time year in, year out on the run in the dead of night day in, day out to play the fool to twiddle ones thumbs. B. ? ? ? . II. Use the English idioms in sentences of your own speaking about your daily routine. Exercise 21 I. Match the two halves of each proverb correctly. Translate them into Russian or give their Russian equivalents.An early bird catches Jack a dull boy Time is two things at once Never put off till tomorrow a virtue Time and tide a worm Better late money Everyday is not what you can do today No man can do wait for no man All work and no play makes Sunday Punctuality is than never II. Make up a story to illustrate one of these proverbs. Exercise 22 Translate the quotations and comment upon them. A day is a miniature eternity. Ralph Emerson Write it on your heart that every day is the best day in the year. Ralph Emerson Three oclock is always too late or too early for anything y ou want to do. Jean-Paul Sartre The day is for honest men, the night for thieves. Euripides Every day, in every way, I am getting better and better. Emile Coue Exercise 23 Role-play Making a TV Programme. Setting The streets of a big modern city. Situation A television crew is making a programme about different lifestyles. The journalists stop people in the street and interview them. They ask questions about their daily routine. They try to find out what time they get up, whether they get enough sleep, what they have for breakfast/dinner/supper, whether they are fussy about food, how they get to work, whether they are late for work, what time they come back home, who does the cooking/cleaning/shopping/washing, etc. whether they are more awake in the morning or in the evening, what time they go to bed, what they do to keep fit, what they do to relax, whether they have any kind of social life, what puts them in a good mood, whether their daily routine is always the same. Characters Card III Christian and Christine, the journalists. Card IIIIV Daniel and Diana, an actor and an actress. Famous and well-known. Card V Sheppard, a university student. Not very diligent. Card VI Shirley, a model. Willing to make a career. Card VII Patricia, a school teacher. Very responsible. Card VIII Felicia, a housewife. Has a large family. Card IX Raymond, a businessman. Very busy and very rich. Card X Letitia, a waitress in a restaurant. Young and carefree. Card XI Simon, a professional driver.Works hard and long hours. WRITING Exercise 1 Learn the spelling of the words in bold type from Introductory Reading and exercise 1 on page 68 and be ready to write a dictation. Exercise 2 Write a short description of a) your busiest day b) your day off c) your favourite day in the form of diary notes. Follow the pattern Exercise 3 Write a composition or an essay on one of the following topics. 1. The Day Everything Went Wrong. 2. How I Organise My Time. 3. The Day Before You Came . (ABBA) 4. Never put off till tomorrow, what you can do the day after tomorrow. (O. Wilde) 5. The Day of a Person Is a Picture of This Person. Note Punctuation.In writing it is very important to observe correct punctuation marks. A full stop is put 1) at the end of sentences 2) in decimals (e. g. 3. 5 three point five). A comma separates 1) homogeneous parts of the sentence if there are more than three members (e. g. I saw a house, a garden, and a car) 2) parentheses (e. g. The story, to put it mildly, is not nice) 3) Nominative Absolute Constructions (e. g. The play over, the audience left the hall) 4) appositions (e. g. Byron, one of the greatest English poets, was born in 1788) 5) interjections (e. g. Oh, you are right ) 6) coordinate clauses joined by and, but, or, nor, for, while, whereas, etc. (e. g.The speaker was disappointed, but the audience was pleased) 7) attributive clauses in complex sentences if they are commenting (e. g. The Thames, which runs through London, is q uite slow. Compare with a defining clause where no comma is needed The river that/which runs through London is quite slow) 8) adverbial clauses introduced by if, when, because, though, etc. (e. g. If it is true, we are having good luck) 9) inverted clauses (e. g. Hardly had she entered, they fired questions at her) 10) in whole numbers (e. g. 25,500 twenty five thousand five hundred). Object clauses are not separated by commas (e. g. He asked what he should do). To be continued on page 140.